An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, a binder resin, and an additive. The additive contains a carboxylic acid anhydride. A reduction potential of the carboxylic acid anhydride is at least 1.40 V versus a reference electrode (Ag/Ag.sup.+). The carboxylic acid anhydride is contained in an amount of at least 0.02 parts by mass and no greater than 10.00 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is a positive charging type electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin in the same layer, and a residual potential VL.sub.1 at a point at which an exposure amount for forming a latent image is 0.3 ?J/cm.sup.2 is equal to or lower than 130 V when an initial surface potential V0 is set to +700 V, exposure with monochromatic light of 780 nm is performed and measurement is performed by a dynamic method.

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is a positive charging type electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin in the same layer, and a residual potential VL.sub.1 at a point at which an exposure amount for forming a latent image is 0.3 ?J/cm.sup.2 is equal to or lower than 130 V when an initial surface potential V0 is set to +700 V, exposure with monochromatic light of 780 nm is performed and measurement is performed by a dynamic method.

To provide an electrophotographic member high in volume resistivity uniformity even in application of a high voltage such as 1,000 V. The electrophotographic member includes a base material and an elastic layer on the base material, the elastic layer containing a silicone rubber and an ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid including a cation modified by a dimethylsiloxane chain, and an anion.

A photoconductor is provided. The photoconductor includes a support, an undercoat layer overlying the support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a binder resin and a zinc oxide particle. The photosensitive layer includes a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
where each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, a binder resin, and an additive. The additive contains a carboxylic acid anhydride. A reduction potential of the carboxylic acid anhydride is at least 1.40 V versus a reference electrode (Ag/Ag.sup.+). The carboxylic acid anhydride is contained in an amount of at least 0.02 parts by mass and no greater than 10.00 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive support; and a photoconductive layer that contains at least a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material and a binder resin, and that is provided on the conductive support, wherein the photoconductive layer has an outermost layer that contains a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, a binder resin and a highly branched polymer that is obtained by polymerizing, in the presence of a polymerization initiator, a monomer having, in a molecule, two or more radically polymerizable double bonds and a monomer having, in a molecule, a long-chain alkyl group or an alicyclic group and at least one radically polymerizable double bond. The electrophotographic photoconductor exhibits superior operational stability and stably high image quality, without problems with image memory, a contact member, or image defects due to cracks caused by contamination by oils/fats or sebum.

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive support; a charge generation layer provided on the conductive support; and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material, a binder resin, and a highly branched polymer having a long-chain alkyl group or an alicyclic group, provided on the charge generation layer as an outermost layer. The electrophotographic photoconductor has excellent contamination resistance against sebum or the like, stable electrical characteristics even upon repeated use, as well as superior transfer resistance and gas resistance. A method for producing the electrophotographic photoconductor is disclosed, as well as an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photoconductor.