An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate, and an inorganic protective layer on the organic photosensitive layer. A layer that constitutes a surface of the organic photosensitive layer contains a charge transport material, a binder resin, silica particles, and a silicone compound.

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes: a conductive substrate; and a single-layer-type photoconductive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate, contains a binder resin, a charge generating material, a hole transporting material, and an electron transporting material, and has an index A represented by the following equation (1) in a range of −7.98 or more and −7.28 or less, Equation (1): A=(0.057×M)−(0.002×F)−(0.252×μ), in which, in the equation (1), M represents a Martens hardness of the single-layer-type photoconductive layer, F represents a Young's modulus of the single-layer-type photoconductive layer, and μ represents an elastic deformation ratio of the single-layer-type photoconductive layer.

A compound has a structure represented by the following formula (C1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.a1, R.sub.a2, R.sub.a3, R.sub.a41, R.sub.a42, R.sub.a43, R.sub.a44, R.sub.a45, R.sub.a5, R.sub.a6, R.sub.a7, R.sub.a8, R.sub.a9, R.sub.a10, and R.sub.a11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a group obtained by combining two or more of the above groups, and a combination of R.sub.a1 and R.sub.a2, R.sub.a41 and R.sub.a42, R.sub.a42 and R.sub.a43, R.sub.a43 and R.sub.a44, R.sub.a44 and R.sub.a45, R.sub.a5 and R.sub.a6, R.sub.a8 and R.sub.a9, or R.sub.a10 and R.sub.a11 each independently may form a ring.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer, wherein an outermost layer contains a compound having a structure represented by general formula (I) below:

##STR00001## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group or a C.sub.5-12 cycloalkyl group; R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkoxyl group, a C.sub.6-20 aryl group or a heterocycle group; X and Z each represent a single bond or a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group which may be substituted; and Y represents a OCO group or COO group. A method for manufacturing the photoreceptor and an electrophotographic device including the photoreceptor are additionally provided. The electrophotographic photoreceptor provides sufficient stain resistance and is less affected by temperature and humidity environments while maintaining various advantageous characteristics of photoreceptors.

The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, and a photosensitive layer on the support. The photosensitive layer has a charge generating layer containing a charge generating material and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting material, in this order. The charge transporting layer contains (α) a specific polycarbonate resin or a specific polyester resin, (β) the charge transporting material, (γ) a methoxybenzene, and (δ) a methoxybenzene, a methoxycyclohexane or a methylhexanol having a substituent. The content Wδ of the (δ) is 0.001% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less based on the total mass of the charge transporting layer.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate including an outer peripheral surface treated with a silazane; and a photosensitive layer on the outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer includes a charge generating material and a charge transporting material.

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes: a conductive substrate; and a single-layer-type photoconductive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate and contains a binder resin, a charge generating material, a hole transporting material, and an electron transporting material, in which a volume resistivity of the photoconductive layer after wear is 5.0×10.sup.10 Ω.Math.cm or more and 2.0×10.sup.11 Ω.Math.cm or less when a ratio of a thickness of the photoconductive layer after wear to a thickness of the photoconductive layer before wear (the thickness of the photoconductive layer after wear/the thickness of the photoconductive layer before wear) is 0.8.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer of a single layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a binder resin, a hole transport material, and an electron transport material. The binder resin includes a polyester resin and a polycarbonate resin. The polyester resin includes a first repeating unit represented by general formula (1) shown below and a second repeating unit represented by general formula (2) shown below. The polycarbonate resin includes a third repeating unit represented by general formula (3) shown below and a fourth repeating unit represented by general formula (24) shown below. ##STR00001##
A content percentage of the polyester resin in the photosensitive layer is at least 0.3% by mass and no greater than 7.0% by mass.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a lamination type photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate and including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, in which the charge transport layer contains a charge transport material, at least one of a polyester resin that has a constitutional unit having an aromatic ring or a polycarbonate resin that has a constitutional unit having an aromatic ring, and a compound (1) represented by Formula (1) and having a melting point of 40° C. or higher,

##STR00001## in Formula (1), Ar represents an aromatic ring that may have a substituent, L represents a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom, R represents an alkyl group having 1 or more and 10 or less carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 or more and 20 or less carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 or more and 20 or less carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 or greater.

An image forming unit includes a photoreceptor and a charging member that comes into contact with a surface of the photoreceptor and charges the photoreceptor, in which the photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a lamination type photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate and including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, the charge transport layer contains at least one of a polyester resin that has a constitutional unit having an aromatic ring or a polycarbonate resin that has a constitutional unit having an aromatic ring, the charging member includes a support member and an elastic layer disposed on the support member, and the elastic layer has a storage elastic modulus G′ of 5.0 MPa or less at a frequency of 100 Hz in dynamic viscoelasticity measurement under a temperature condition of 24° C.