Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a satisfactory suppressing effect on image smearing. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support; a photosensitive layer; and a surface layer, the surface layer containing at least one of melamine resin-containing particles and acrylic resin-containing particles, and a polymerized product of a composition containing a charge-transporting compound having a polymerizable functional group; and a compound represented by formula (1):

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The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that suppresses electric potential fluctuations in repeated use. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer, in this order, wherein the photosensitive layer includes a compound having a structure represented by formula (1), and the protective layer includes a resin having a structure represented by formula (2) and a structure represented by formula (3).

Provided is a process cartridge including: an electrophotographic photoreceptor; a charging unit configured to charge the electrophotographic photoreceptor through abutment against the electrophotographic photoreceptor; a developing unit configured to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a toner to form a toner image; and a cleaning unit configured to remove the toner on the electrophotographic photoreceptor by bringing a blade into abutment against the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the toner includes a toner base containing a coloring agent and a binder resin, and has a surface layer containing an organosilicon polymer having a specific sticking ratio to a toner base, and wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a supporting member and a surface layer, and the surface layer has a specific universal hardness value and a specific elastic deformation ratio (We).

An electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies wear resistance and electrical properties, further has high image deletion prevention properties under a high temperature and high humidity environment, and a small potential variation under a low temperature and low humidity environment is provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer containing a polymerization product of a hole transporting compound having a specific structure.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer containing: a copolymerization product of a composition containing a hole-transportable compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a compound having a specific structure; and metal oxide particles.

The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that has mechanical durability, and can achieve both of suppression of an image flow and adequate electrical characteristics. In the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer provided on the support, a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymerized product of a composition containing a hole transporting compound represented by the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (3):

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Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of satisfactory wear resistance and the suppression of an image streak at the time of its repeated use. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains: a polymer of a hole-transportable compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group; and an ester compound having specific alkyl groups.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member suppressing potential variation due to repeated use is provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order, wherein the protective layer contains: a resin including a structure represented by a general formula (1) and a structure represented by a general formula (2); and a compound represented by a general formula (3), the molar ratio of the proportion of the structure represented by the general formula (2) to the proportion of the structure represented by the general formula (1) in the resin is 0.0002 to 0.1000 in a molar ratio, and the molar ratio of the content of the compound represented by the general formula (3) to the content of the structure represented by the general formula (1) in the resin in the protective layer is 0.0002 to 0.1000 in a molar ratio.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a surface layer, in which the surface layer contains a copolymer of a composition which contains at least a compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a compound represented by the following general formula (2), a content of the compound represented by the general formula (1) in the composition is 25 mass % or more and 70 mass % or less with respect to a total content of the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2), and the total content of the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) is 55 mass % or more with respect to a total mass of the composition.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is reduced in exposure memory and is excellent in electrical characteristics and durability. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes in this order: a support; a photosensitive layer; and a protective layer, wherein the protective layer contains a resin having a structure represented by the following general formula (1) and a structure represented by the following general formula (2). ##STR00001##