Provided are a process cartridge and an image-forming method each of which has a satisfactory cleaning property even at the initial stage of the use of a brand-new process cartridge or electrophotographic apparatus, and hence can suppress a reduction in image quality due to the contamination of a charging member. The charge transporting layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a specific polyarylate resin or polycarbonate resin, and a toner contains a specific fine particle on the surface of a toner particle.

It is intended to provide an image forming method, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have favorable cleaning properties and can suppress reduction in image quality caused by the contamination of a charging member. A surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfies the condition (i) or (ii), and toner contains a resin having an isosorbide unit: (i) containing a fluorine resin particle and at lease one resin selected from the group consisting of a polyarylate resin and a polycarbonate resin, and (ii) containing at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a polyarylate resin and a polycarbonate resin each having a polysiloxane structure.

A method for producing a metal cylinder includes preparing a metal slug having a polished surface, and molding the metal slug into a cylinder by impact-pressing with the polished surface as a bottom.

An image forming method in which a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a compound having a specific structure in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by mass based on the total mass of the surface layer, and in a charged region of the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member charged in a charging step, a non-image forming region in which an electrostatic latent image is not formed is not irradiated with destaticizing light or is irradiated with reduced destaticizing light.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, an undercoat layer formed directly on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer, wherein when an ionization potential of the undercoat layer is represented by IPu, the IPu is 6.0 eV or higher, when an ionization potential of the support is represented by IPs, the IPs is lower than the IPu, the undercoat layer contains a compound (), when an ionization potential of the compound () is represented by IP, the IP is 5.0 eV or higher and 5.4 eV or lower, and the IPs and the IP satisfy the following relational expression (1):

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{IPs}\mathrm{IP}-1..& \left(1\right)\end{array}$

To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member having high cleanability and hardly causing image blurring to occur even in use in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer containing a binder resin, wherein the surface layer contains a polydimethylsiloxane having a polyester chain, and oleamide.