Disclosed herein is a nutritional supplement containing creatine, including compositions, formulations, and combinations of ingredients in the creatine nutritional supplement, as well as processes for manufacturing these supplements. The disclosed nutritional supplement can include creatine, a gelling agent such as pectin or gelatin, an oligosaccharide, a disaccharide, and water.

Disclosed herein is a nutritional supplement containing creatine, including compositions, formulations, and combinations of ingredients in the creatine nutritional supplement, as well as processes for manufacturing these supplements. The disclosed nutritional supplement can include creatine, a gelling agent such as pectin or gelatin, an oligosaccharide, a disaccharide, and water.

An alternative milk composition of spirulina digestible, bioavailable proteins, vitamins and minerals is described. The proteins, vitamins and minerals present in spirulina biomass are rendered digestible and bioavailable by unique homogenization process followed by thermo-chemical treatment. The alternative milk made with digestible, bioavailable proteins, vitamins and minerals is formulated with colorant, sweetener, flavor and gelling agent. The milk so obtained is packed with digestible and bioavailable proteins, vitamins and minerals is free from fishy odor and bitter taste.

The invention relates to the pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical use of an effective amount of spirulina and/or of an extract/extracts of spirulina for improving the bioavailability of orally administered curcumin in humans or animals. The invention also includes pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical preparations including spirulina and/or extracts of spirulina containing curcumin having improved bioavailability.

The invention relates to the pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical use of an effective amount of spirulina and/or of an extract/extracts of spirulina for improving the bioavailability of orally administered curcumin in humans or animals. The invention also includes pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical preparations including spirulina and/or extracts of spirulina containing curcumin having improved bioavailability.

The invention relates to the pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical use of an effective amount of spirulina and/or of an extract/extracts of spirulina for improving the bioavailability of orally administered curcumin in humans or animals. The invention also includes pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical preparations including spirulina and/or extracts of spirulina containing curcumin having improved bioavailability.

Spirulina extracts and/or fractionated compounds thereof, sublingual spray formulation thereof, spraying devices for using the formulation, as well as methods of preparing and using the spirulina extracts to treat TNF-α related inflammation are provided. The spirulina extracts are prepared by water extraction of Arthrospira spp. biomass that is cultivated under controlled, ultra-high-density conditions with strong UV illumination and strong continuous mixing, and are characterized by high levels of c-phycocyanin, sorbitol and adenosine derivates—which were found to have a strong low-dose effect of reducing TNF-α secretion. The spirulina extracts may correspondingly be used to prevent or alleviate cytokine storm related to various infections or autoimmune diseases.

Spirulina extracts and/or fractionated compounds thereof, sublingual spray formulation thereof, spraying devices for using the formulation, as well as methods of preparing and using the spirulina extracts to treat TNF-α related inflammation are provided. The spirulina extracts are prepared by water extraction of Arthrospira spp. biomass that is cultivated under controlled, ultra-high-density conditions with strong UV illumination and strong continuous mixing, and are characterized by high levels of c-phycocyanin, sorbitol and adenosine derivates—which were found to have a strong low-dose effect of reducing TNF-α secretion. The spirulina extracts may correspondingly be used to prevent or alleviate cytokine storm related to various infections or autoimmune diseases.

Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to prevent and/or treat intestinal inflammation and/or infections caused by anaerobic microorganisms are provided. In several embodiments, the formulations are provided as a capsule within a capsule in order to separate an oxygen prodrug from a catalyst until the formulation is at a target site within the intestine. In several embodiments, the catalyst is provided in an excess of the oxygen prodrug. In several embodiments, the prodrug is within an inner capsule or coating and a biological material comprising a catalyst (e.g., yeast, spirulina, chlorella, etc.) surrounds the encapsulated prodrug and the biological material is within a capsule or coating. The agents, kits, and methods can be utilized to prevent and/or treat anaerobic bacterial infections of the intestinal lumen by enteric aerobization therapy.

Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to prevent and/or treat intestinal inflammation and/or infections caused by anaerobic microorganisms are provided. In several embodiments, the formulations are provided as a capsule within a capsule in order to separate an oxygen prodrug from a catalyst until the formulation is at a target site within the intestine. In several embodiments, the catalyst is provided in an excess of the oxygen prodrug. In several embodiments, the prodrug is within an inner capsule or coating and a biological material comprising a catalyst (e.g., yeast, spirulina, chlorella, etc.) surrounds the encapsulated prodrug and the biological material is within a capsule or coating. The agents, kits, and methods can be utilized to prevent and/or treat anaerobic bacterial infections of the intestinal lumen by enteric aerobization therapy.