A developing cartridge includes a developing electrode and a supply electrode. The developing electrode includes a first electrical contact in contact with a developing roller shaft, and a second electrical contact positioned closer to the developing roller shaft than a second agitator gear is to the developing roller shaft. The second electrical contact is positioned farther from the developing roller shaft than the first electrical contact is from the developing roller shaft. The supply electrode includes a first electrical contact in contact with the supply roller shaft, and a second electrical contact positioned closer to the developing roller shaft than the second agitator gear is to the developing roller shaft. The second electrical contact of the supply electrode is positioned farther from the developing roller shaft than the second electrical contact of the developing electrode is from the developing roller shaft.

A developing device includes a developer cartridge and a developing unit. The developer cartridge, in some instances, may include a shutter. This shutter may have a wall for closing a developer supply hole, and be movable, with respect to a developer cartridge casing, between an open position where the supply hole is opened by the wall and a closed position where the supply hole is closed by the wall. The shutter may further include a protrusion that is movable with respect to the wall of the shutter between a first position and a second position in an axial direction. The protrusion, in the first position, is engageable with a developing unit and, in the second position, would be disengaged from the developing unit.

Examples of the present disclosure relate to a rotatable container for storing a material for a printing system. The container has a channel structure for conveying the material, the channel structure defining an opening of the container. The container also has a material-conveying member at least partially disposed within the channel structure, wherein the material-conveying member is mounted to prevent rotation relative to the channel structure. The material-conveying member and the channel structure are arranged to rotate together about a shared axis to convey the material through the channel structure.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has an outermost surface layer that contains fluorine-containing resin particles and an antioxidant. The fluorine-containing resin particles contain 0 or more and 30 or less carboxy groups per 10.sup.6 carbon atoms. A decrease in weight of the antioxidant when heated at 150° C. for 10 minutes in an air atmosphere is 40 mass % or less.

An image forming apparatus includes a main body housing, a first cartridge to store first developer, a second cartridge to store second developer, a first temperature sensor to detect an inside temperature as a temperature inside the main body housing, and a controller configured to calculate a first control temperature corresponding to the first cartridge, using the detected inside temperature and a first coefficient to be multiplied by the inside temperature, calculate a second control temperature corresponding to the second cartridge, using the detected inside temperature and a second coefficient to be multiplied by the inside temperature, the second coefficient being different from the first coefficient, and perform cooling control to cool an inside of the main body housing when at least one selected from the first control temperature and the second control temperature is higher than a particular threshold.

A developer container includes a casing having a developer accommodating chamber and a waste-developer accommodating chamber, conveying member, a conveying-member accommodating unit, and a supporting member. The conveying member conveys waste developer in a longitudinal direction of the waste-developer accommodating chamber. The conveying-member accommodating unit accommodates the conveying member therein and has a first opening and a second opening. The first opening is provided in an upstream end portion and allows the waste developer to move from outside of the conveying-member accommodating unit to the inside of the conveying-member accommodating unit. The second opening allows the waste-developer to move from the inside of the conveying-member accommodating unit to the waste-developer accommodating chamber. The supporting member is provided on the casing. The supporting member supports the conveying-member accommodating unit such that the conveying-member accommodating unit is movable in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction relative to the casing.

An image forming apparatus includes a housing having an opening, a cover configured to openably close the opening, photosensitive drums, cartridges, a first motor and a controller. Each cartridge has a developing roller, a storage chamber configured to store toner, and an agitator configured to agitate the toner. The first motor is configured to rotate the agitators. The controller rotates the agitators by rotating the first motor when forming an image on a sheet. The controller determines whether a new cartridge is included in the plurality of cartridges in response to the image forming apparatus being turned on or in response to the cover being closed. In a case where a new cartridge is included, the controller stirs toner with the agitators by rotating the first motor. In a case where a new cartridge is not included, the controller does not stir the toner.

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a plurality of layers containing at least one outermost layer, wherein at least one of the outermost layer contains a polymer having a first structure where at least one carbonyl group is bonded to an aromatic group and a second structure represented by Formula (A). In Formula (A), at least two of R.sup.11 to R.sup.13 are groups represented by Formula (2), and in Formula (2), R.sup.21 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sup.22 and R.sup.23 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or an alkoxy group:

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Examples of the present disclosure relate to a rotatable container for storing a material for a printing system. The container has a channel structure for conveying the material, the channel structure defining an opening of the container. The container also has a material-conveying member at least partially disposed within the channel structure, wherein the material-conveying member is mounted to prevent rotation relative to the channel structure. The material-conveying member and the channel structure are arranged to rotate together about a shared axis to convey the material through the channel structure.

An image forming apparatus is capable of being attached with a toner supply container. The toner supply container stores a toner that is to be supplied to a developing portion. An attachment location of the toner supply container isbelow a light scanning portion in a vertical direction.