An image forming apparatus fixes a toner image, in which plural layers constituted from toners with different low-temperature storage elastic moduli as measured in the temperature range of 30° C. or more and 50° C. or less are superposed on each other, to a medium. The image forming apparatus changes the fixing temperature in accordance with the order of superposition of the plural layers.

An edge detection apparatus for detecting an edge of a recording medium to be conveyed includes a light source, a plurality of photoelectric conversion element pixels, and a detection unit. The light source irradiates the recording medium with light. The plurality of photoelectric conversion element pixels are placed in a direction orthogonal to a conveyance direction of the recording medium and convert light reflected by the recording medium into an electrical signal. The detection unit detects the edge of the recording medium on the basis of a plurality of electrical signals that constitute an n-th (n≧1) electrical signal group obtained by dividing the plurality of electrical signals corresponding one-to-one to the plurality of photoelectric conversion element pixels, and a specified number of the electrical signals counted from a top of the plurality of electrical signals that constitute an n+1st electrical signal group.

An electrostatic charge image developing white toner includes a white toner particle and a yellow toner particle that includes an organic yellow pigment, wherein a content ratio (by number) of the yellow toner particles to all of toner particles included in the toner is from 0.01% by number to 3% by number.

A belt device includes a belt member, a detected unit, a window, an optical detector, and a regulation member. The belt member is movable in a direction of belt movement. The detected unit disposed on at least one side of the belt in a width direction of the belt intersecting with the direction of belt movement and extending in the direction of belt movement. The window transmits detection light emitted toward the detected unit and reflected light from the detected unit. The optical detector detects the detected unit. The regulation member is disposed on at least one side in a width direction of the window to keep the detected unit away from the window.

An image forming apparatus includes a transfer unit that transfers a toner image on an image bearer onto a transfer medium. The image forming apparatus includes a control unit that controls a transfer voltage to be output to the transfer unit in accordance with a certain condition. The control unit applies currents having at least two different values while paper is not being fed. The two current values are lower than a current value during paper feeding. The control unit estimates an output voltage on a basis of a voltage detected through the application of the currents. When the estimated output voltage falls below a certain limiter voltage, the control unit controls to bring the output voltage to a value calculated through the certain condition. When the estimated output voltage exceeds the certain limiter voltage, the control unit controls to bring the output voltage to the limiter voltage.

An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, an image forming portion, a transfer portion, a moving portion, a re-conveyance portion, a detection portion, a detection portion, and a control portion is provided. The moving portion is configured to move a sheet in a width direction. The re-conveyance portion is configured to invert the sheet bearing a toner image transferred onto a first surface thereof and convey the sheet to the transfer portion again. The control portion is configured to control the image forming portion to form the toner image for the first surface on a first image position and a toner image for a second surface on a second image position and control the moving portion to move the sheet to a position corresponding to the first image position or the second image position. The first and second image positions are displaced from each other.

An image forming apparatus comprises a plurality of image forming units, an intermediate transfer member, a detection unit, and a controller. The controller is configured to control the plurality of image forming units to form, on the intermediate transfer member, a pattern image including a first detection image having a reference color among the plurality of detection images and a second detection image having another color among the plurality of detection images. The first detection image and the second detection image are superimposed on a predetermined detection image. The controller is configured to control the detection unit to detect the amount of color misregistration which is related to a relative position of the first detection image and the second detection image, and to determine an adjustment value for adjusting an image write start timing of the other color different from the reference color.

An electrophotographic image forming apparatus for forming an image in accordance with image information includes: an image forming unit configured to form an image that is uniform in area percentage of each of primary colors and a secondary color on an intermediate transfer belt; a measurer configured to measure amounts corresponding to density distribution of residual toner left on the intermediate transfer belt, on which the image uniform in area percentage of each of the primary colors and the secondary color is formed and from which toner is transferred onto a recording medium, in the main-scanning direction; and a corrector configured to correct a tone value of the image information so as to reduce density nonuniformity of a streak region observed in the density distribution in the main-scanning direction using the amounts measured by the measurer.

A fixing device includes a fixing belt looped over a first roller and a second roller and rotatable in a predetermined direction of rotation and a pressure rotator to press against the first roller via the fixing belt to form a fixing nip between the fixing belt and the pressure rotator. A separation aid, disposed downstream from the fixing nip in the direction of rotation of the fixing belt, contacts an inner circumferential surface of the fixing belt to decrease a radius of curvature of the fixing belt. A polishing roller, disposed downstream from the separation aid and upstream from the second roller in the direction of rotation of the fixing belt, contacts an outer circumferential surface of the fixing belt. An opposed roller, disposed opposite the polishing roller via the fixing belt, forms a polishing nip between the polishing roller and the fixing belt.

An image forming apparatus that forms developer images on a continuous medium includes a control part that performs a developer image forming on an intermediate transfer body with an interval; a transfer part that transfers developer images to the continuous medium; an interval detection part that detects the interval of positions to which the developer images; and an interval information memory that stores interval information of the interval. Wherein, the control part obtains the interval information from the interval information memory when starting an operation of forming the developer image, and determines a timing of forming the developer images on the intermediate transfer body based on the interval information, and when the interval is detected by the interval detection part, the control part updates the interval information in the interval information memory based on the interval that is detected.