An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles and an external additive that includes silica particles having a compression aggregation degree of 60% to 95% and a particle compression ratio of 0.20 to 0.40 and fatty acid metal salt particles.

An image forming apparatus of the present disclosure includes a plurality of image forming portions, an intermediate transfer unit, a secondary transfer member, a belt cleaning device, and a control portion. The intermediate transfer unit includes an intermediate transfer belt, a plurality of primary transfer members, a drive roller, a tension roller, and a contacting/separating mechanism. The belt cleaning device includes a cleaning member which faces the tension roller with the intermediate transfer belt therebetween. In a withdrawal mode, the cleaning member is moved by pressing force of the tension roller further into a housing from an opening portion as compared with in a printing mode. The control portion is capable of executing, while image formation is not being performed, a transfer toner collection mode in which the intermediate transfer belt and the belt cleaning device are driven in the withdrawal mode.

An electrostatic charge lavage developing toner includes kneaded and pulverized toner particles that contain a binder resin and a release agent, the release agent being partially exposed, and an external additive that contains silica particles having a compression aggregation degree of from 60% to 95% and a particle compression ratio of from 0.20 to 0.40.

A toner for electrostatic image development includes toner particles; and an external additive containing silica particles and polytetrafluorethylene particles, the silica particles having a compression-aggregation degree of 60% or more and 95% or less and a particle compression ratio of 0.20 or more and 0.40 or less.

An image forming apparatus includes a developing unit that contains an electrostatic charge image developer and develops an electrostatic charge image formed on a surface of the image holding member with the developer, wherein the developer contains a carrier and an electrostatic charge image developing toner that includes a toner particle which contains a urea-modified polyester resin, and includes, in a vicinity of a surface thereof, vinyl resin particles; and an external additive which contains silica particles having a compression aggregation degree of 60% to 95% and a particle compression ratio of 0.20 to 0.40.

An electrostatic image developing toner contains: toner particles, first silica particles having an average equivalent circle diameter of 10 nm to 120 nm and second silica particles having a compressive agglomeration degree of 60% to 95%, a particle compression ratio of 0.20 to 0.40 and an average equivalent circle diameter being greater than the average equivalent circle diameter of the first silica particles.

An emission unit of a displacement detector emits laser light to a range in a space in which a target moves. A detection unit detects a distribution of amounts of light reflected from a capture region in the predefined range. Based on a shift of speckle pattern indicated by a difference between the distributions of amounts of reflected light that the detection unit detects at different times, a calculation unit calculates a displacement of the target. A correction unit measures a speckle contrast from the distribution of amounts of reflected light, and based on an error between the measured value and a reference value, corrects the amount of laser light. The reference value is set to the value of a speckle contrast in a case in which the amounts of reflected light fall within the detectable range of the detection unit.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin, and an external additive including silica particles having a compression aggregation degree is from 60% to 95% and a particle compression ratio is from 0.20 to 0.40, and resin particles containing a polymer obtained by polymerizing a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer.

An image forming device that forms image by transferring toner image formed by developing electrostatic latent image formed on a photoreceptor from the photoreceptor to an intermediate transfer body by applying a transfer bias to a transfer member and putting the transfer member in contact with the intermediate transfer body. The device includes: a current supplier selectively supplying a first constant current and a second constant current to the transfer member; a first voltage acquirer acquiring a first voltage occurring between the transfer member and the intermediate transfer body while the transfer member is supplied with the first constant current; a second voltage acquirer acquiring a second voltage occurring between the transfer member and the photoreceptor while the transfer member is supplied with the second constant current; and a thickness acquirer acquiring a value indicating photoreceptor layer thickness of the photoreceptor by using the first and second voltages.

In a developer conveyance device, a spiral screw is arranged inside a spiral coil such that the spiral coil and the spiral screw are both rotated. Accompanied by rotation of the spiral coil, even if waste toner tries to pass through the spiral coil and move in a vertical direction, movement of the waste toner in the vertical direction is blocked by the spiral screw, such that the waste toner is conveyed by the spiral screw. Since the waste toner hardly passes through the spiral coil in the vertical direction, the waste toner is also conveyed by the spiral coil.