Provided herein are compositions for treating a disorder or a disease associated with or characterized by neuro-inflammation, neuro-apoptosis, or neuro-oxidative damage in a subject, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compositions and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, and pharmaceutical formulations comprising the compositions. Provided also herein are methods of treating a disorder or a disease associated with or characterized by neuro-inflammation, neuro-apoptosis, or neuro-oxidative damage in a subject, and methods of regulating inflammation, antioxidant enzymes, and apoptosis in a subject having a disorder or a disease associated with or characterized by neuro-inflammation, neuro-apoptosis, or neuro-oxidative damage.

There is disclosed a clear skin supplement/medicinal component for acne comprising: an orally administered dosage comprising of between about 3000-9000 mg of the Chinese medicinal composition comprising by ratio: around 3.8-7.6% of each of Prunus persica, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica dahurica, Gleditsia sinensis, Viola yedoensis, Paeonia suffruticosa and gardenia jasminoides; around 5.7-7.6% of each of Oldenlandia diffusa and Scutellaria baicalensis; around 3.8-5.7% of Salvia miltiorrhiza; around 2.5-5.7% of Phellodendron amurense; around 2.5-7.6% of Gentiana scabra; and around 0-7.6% of each of Taraxacum mongolicum and any one of Lonicera japonica/Rhizoma Coptidas/Sophora flavescens.

There is disclosed a clear skin supplement/medicinal component for acne comprising: an orally administered dosage comprising of between about 3000-9000 mg of the Chinese medicinal composition comprising by ratio: around 3.8-7.6% of each of Prunus persica, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica dahurica, Gleditsia sinensis, Viola yedoensis, Paeonia suffruticosa and gardenia jasminoides; around 5.7-7.6% of each of Oldenlandia diffusa and Scutellaria baicalensis; around 3.8-5.7% of Salvia miltiorrhiza; around 2.5-5.7% of Phellodendron amurense; around 2.5-7.6% of Gentiana scabra; and around 0-7.6% of each of Taraxacum mongolicum and any one of Lonicera japonica/Rhizoma Coptidas/Sophora flavescens.

There is disclosed a clear skin supplement/medicinal component for acne comprising: an orally administered dosage comprising of between about 3000-9000 mg of the Chinese medicinal composition comprising by ratio: around 3.8-7.6% of each of Prunus persica, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica dahurica, Gleditsia sinensis, Viola yedoensis, Paeonia suffruticosa and gardenia jasminoides; around 5.7-7.6% of each of Oldenlandia diffusa and Scutellaria baicalensis; around 3.8-5.7% of Salvia miltiorrhiza; around 2.5-5.7% of Phellodendron amurense; around 2.5-7.6% of Gentiana scabra; and around 0-7.6% of each of Taraxacum mongolicum and any one of Lonicera japonica/Rhizoma Coptidas/Sophora flavescens.

Provided is a composition for alleviating fatigue or enhancing exercise capability including extracts or fractions of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora as active ingredients. The composition including the extracts or fractions of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora as active ingredients may effectively alleviate fatigue accumulated in the body and enhance exercise capability by multilaterally controlling various factors involved in physical fatigue and/or enhancement of exercise capability. Specifically, the composition may effectively control the factors related to fatigue by increasing the expression level of HO-1 by activating the Nrf-2 pathway. Also, since extracts of natural plants or fractions thereof are used as active ingredients, the composition is completely harmless to the human body and may be used safely.

Provided is a composition for alleviating fatigue or enhancing exercise capability including extracts or fractions of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora as active ingredients. The composition including the extracts or fractions of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora as active ingredients may effectively alleviate fatigue accumulated in the body and enhance exercise capability by multilaterally controlling various factors involved in physical fatigue and/or enhancement of exercise capability. Specifically, the composition may effectively control the factors related to fatigue by increasing the expression level of HO-1 by activating the Nrf-2 pathway. Also, since extracts of natural plants or fractions thereof are used as active ingredients, the composition is completely harmless to the human body and may be used safely.

Provided is a composition for alleviating fatigue or enhancing exercise capability including extracts or fractions of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora as active ingredients. The composition including the extracts or fractions of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora as active ingredients may effectively alleviate fatigue accumulated in the body and enhance exercise capability by multilaterally controlling various factors involved in physical fatigue and/or enhancement of exercise capability. Specifically, the composition may effectively control the factors related to fatigue by increasing the expression level of HO-1 by activating the Nrf-2 pathway. Also, since extracts of natural plants or fractions thereof are used as active ingredients, the composition is completely harmless to the human body and may be used safely.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing an ultraviolet light-induced inflammation suppressing agent. The present invention is based on the finding that an alternative autophagy (Atg5/Atg7-independent autophagy) participates in the suppression of ultraviolet light-induced inflammation. Thus, the above problem is solved by providing an alternative autophagy inducing agent.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing an ultraviolet light-induced inflammation suppressing agent. The present invention is based on the finding that an alternative autophagy (Atg5/Atg7-independent autophagy) participates in the suppression of ultraviolet light-induced inflammation. Thus, the above problem is solved by providing an alternative autophagy inducing agent.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing an ultraviolet light-induced inflammation suppressing agent. The present invention is based on the finding that an alternative autophagy (Atg5/Atg7-independent autophagy) participates in the suppression of ultraviolet light-induced inflammation. Thus, the above problem is solved by providing an alternative autophagy inducing agent.