In some embodiments, the disclosure relates generally to methods as well as related compositions, systems, kits and apparatus comprising linking proteins to target compounds and/or to locations of interest using tethers. For example, the tether can be used to link the protein to a target compound, for example, to link an enzyme to a substrate. Similarly, the tether can be used to link the protein at or near a desired location on a surface. In one group of embodiments, the tether includes a polynucleotide and the target compound or location on the surface includes another polynucleotide that is capable of hybridizing to the tether. In such embodiments, the tether can be used to link the protein to the target compound or location using nucleic acid hybridization.

The invention provides a novel class of cyanine dyes that are functionalized with sulfonic acid groups and a linker moiety that facilitates their conjugation to other species and substituent groups which increase the water-solubility, and optimize the optical properties of the dyes. Also provided are conjugates of the dyes, methods of using the dyes and their conjugates and kits including the dyes and their conjugates.

Provided herein are methods of identifying a location of an RNA in a sample that include: (a) contacting the sample with an array comprising capture probes, where a capture probe comprises a capture domain and a spatial barcode; (b) releasing the RNA from the sample; (c) extending a 3 end of the capture probe using the capture domain-bound RNA as a template; (d) generating nick(s) in the extended capture probe-hybridized RNA and performing random-primed DNA synthesis; (e) performing end repair on the second strand DNA molecule; (f) adding a single adenosine nucleotide to the 3 end of the extended capture probe; (g) ligating a double-stranded sequencing adaptor to the double-stranded DNA product; and (h) determining all or a part of the sequence of the RNA, and the sequence of the spatial barcode, or complements thereof, and using the determined sequences to identify the location of the RNA in the sample.

The present invention provides improved DNA polymerases, in particular, type A DNA polymerases, that may be better suited for applications in recombinant DNA technologies. Among other things, the present invention provides modified DNA polymerases derived from directed evolution experiments designed to select mutations that confer advantageous phenotypes under conditions used in industrial or research applications.

The invention provides a novel class of cyanine dyes that are functionalized with sulfonic acid groups and a linker moiety that facilitates their conjugation to other species and substituent groups which increase the water-solubility, and optimize the optical properties of the dyes. Also provided are conjugates of the dyes, methods of using the dyes and their conjugates and kits including the dyes and their conjugates.

In some embodiments, the disclosure relates generally to methods as well as related compositions, systems, kits and apparatus comprising linking proteins to target compounds and/or to locations of interest using tethers. For example, the tether can be used to link the protein to a target compound, for example, to link an enzyme to a substrate. Similarly, the tether can be used to link the protein at or near a desired location on a surface. In one group of embodiments, the tether includes a polynucleotide and the target compound or location on the surface includes another polynucleotide that is capable of hybridizing to the tether. In such embodiments, the tether can be used to link the protein to the target compound or location using nucleic acid hybridization.

Example spatial transcriptomics techniques use continuous polony arrays on a customized gel surface for spatial barcoding. By screening polyacrylamide (PAA) gel fabrication conditions, polonies formed on a crosslinked PAA gel were shown to exhibit a continuous, homogenous DNA distribution, which is highly suited for tissue barcoding applications. Compared with widely used polonies formed in flow cells that utilize linear PAA gels, continuous polonies showed efficient DNA amplification and restriction digestion to generate capture oligo arrays, which have a significantly better spatial RNA capturing performance. In addition, the crosslinked PAA gel showed sufficient constraints on lateral RNA diffusion and provides better mechanical strength and stability for tissue mapping assays than a semifluidic linear PAA gel used by previous methods.

The invention relates to a method for in vitro investigating mitochondrial replication dysfunction in a biological sample removed from a subject susceptible of suffering from physiological ageing or physiopathological conditions related to physiological ageing, or physiopathological ageing or associated symptoms or conditions, in particular premature ageing or accelerated ageing, or of a progeroid syndrome, such as Cockayne syndrome (CS), or neurodegenerative disorders or symptoms thereof, in which the levels of at least one species selected in the group of: POLG1 protein, POLG1 RNA, POLG2 protein, protease(s) which have POLG as a target, in particular serine protease(s) such as HTRA3 protein, HTRA2 protein and, HTRA3 RNA or HTRA2 RNA, or any combination of these species, are investigated. The invention also relates to kits and uses thereof, therapeutic methods against progeroid-like syndromes or symptoms and screening method for identifying particular protease inhibitor(s) and/or nitroso-redox stress scavenger compound(s) having relevance for the symptoms discussed herein.

The present disclosure provides single-buffer systems that enable efficient and rapid amplification and programmable nuclease enzyme mediated reactions. The single-buffer systems and reagent compositions therein may be used for assaying for a nucleic acid sequence from a sample.

A conjugated polymer comprising a first repeat unit substituted with at least three ionic groups.