Disclosed are apparatuses for optical coupling and a system for communication. In one embodiment, an apparatus for optical coupling including a substrate and a grating coupler is disclosed. The grating coupler is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of coupling gratings arranged along a first direction, wherein effective refractive indices of the plurality of coupling gratings gradually decrease along the first direction.

Structures for a wavelength splitter used in a wavelength-division-multiplexing filter stage and methods of forming same. The structure comprises a first waveguide core including a first section, a second section, and a phase delay line between the first section and the second section. The phase delay line of the first waveguide core includes a delay section and a plurality of segments longitudinally arranged in the delay section. The structure further comprises a second waveguide core including a first section, a second section, and a phase delay line between the first section and the second section. The first section of the second waveguide core is positioned adjacent to the first section of the first waveguide core to define a first directional coupler, and the second section of the second waveguide core is positioned adjacent to the second section of the first waveguide core to define a second directional coupler.

Disclosed are transparent energy relay waveguide systems for the superimposition of holographic opacity modulation states for holographic, light field, virtual, augmented and mixed reality applications. The light field system may comprise one or more energy waveguide relay systems with one or more energy modulation elements, each energy modulation element configured to modulate energy passing therethrough, whereby the energy passing therethrough may be directed according to 4D plenoptic functions or inverses thereof.

Disclosed are relay elements exhibiting transverse localization. The relay elements may include a relay element body having one or more structures, where the structures can be coupled in series, in parallel and/or in stacked configurations. The structures may have multiple surfaces such that energy waves propagating therethrough the relay elements may experience spatial magnification or de-magnification.

Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy relays for energy directing systems and Transverse Anderson Localization. Systems and methods include providing first and second component engineered structures with first and second sets of engineered properties and forming a medium using the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure. The forming step includes randomizing a first engineered property in a first orientation of the medium resulting in a first variability of that engineered property in that plane, and the values of the second engineered property allowing for a variation of the first engineered property in a second orientation of the medium, where the variation of the first engineered property in the second orientation is less than the variation of the first engineered property in the first orientation.

Disclosed embodiments include an energy waveguide system having an array of waveguides and an energy inhibiting element configured to substantially fill a waveguide element aperture and selectively propagate energy along some energy propagation paths through the array of waveguides. In an embodiment, such an energy waveguide system may define energy propagation paths through the array of waveguides in accordance to a 4D plenoptic system. In an embodiment, energy propagating through the energy waveguide system may comprise energy propagation for stimulation of any sensory receptor response including visual, auditory, somatosensory systems, and the waveguides may be incorporated into a holographic display or an aggregated bidirectional seamless energy surface capable of both receiving and emitting two-dimensional, light field or holographic energy through waveguiding or other 4D plenoptic functions prescribing energy convergence within a viewing volume. The waveguides may include different structures configured for each or all sensory system or energy domain to direct energy through refraction, diffraction, reflection, or other approaches of affecting the propagation paths of energy.

Energy systems are configured to direct energy according to a four-dimensional (4D) plenoptic function. In general, the energy systems include a plurality of energy devices, an energy relay system having one or more relay elements arranged to form a singular seamless energy surface, and an energy waveguide system such that energy can be relayed along energy propagation paths through the energy waveguide system to the singular seamless energy surface or from the singular seamless energy surface through the energy relay system to the plurality of energy devices.

Disclosed are apparatuses for optical coupling and a system for communication. In one embodiment, an apparatus for optical coupling having an optical coupling region is disclosed. The apparatus for optical coupling includes a substrate and a core layer disposed on the substrate. The core layer includes a plurality of holes located in the optical coupling region. An effective refractive index of the core layer gradually decrease from a first end of the optical coupling region to a second end of the optical coupling region.

An artifact mitigation system includes a projector assembly and a set of imaging optics optically coupled to the projector assembly. The artifact mitigation system also includes an eyepiece optically coupled to the set of imaging optics. The eyepiece includes a diffractive incoupling interface. The artifact mitigation system further includes an artifact prevention element disposed between the set of imaging optics and the eyepiece. The artifact prevention element includes a linear polarizer, a first quarter waveplate disposed adjacent the linear polarizer, and a color select component disposed adjacent the first quarter waveplate.

Disclosed embodiments include an energy directing device having one or more energy relay elements configured to direct energy from one or more energy locations through the device. In an embodiment, surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements may form a singular seamless energy surface where a separation between adjacent energy relay element surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour. In disclosed embodiments, energy is produced at energy locations having an active energy surface and a mechanical envelope. In an embodiment, the energy directing device is configured to relay energy from the energy locations through the singular seamless energy surface while minimizing separation between energy locations due to their mechanical envelope. In embodiments, the energy relay elements may comprise energy relays utilizing transverse Anderson localization phenomena.