Provided is a liquid crystal display device, comprising an upper polarizer, an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal panel, and a lower polarizer. The in-plane switching mode liquid crystal panel comprises a liquid crystal layer having a Rin (550) value in a range of 310 nm to 350 nm. An absorption axis of the upper polarizer and an absorption axis of the lower polarizer are orthogonal. The lower polarizer is adjacent to a light source as compared to the upper polarizer. The liquid crystal display further comprises, as retardation films, a positive biaxial retardation film having a Rin (450)/Rin (550) value in a range of 0.99 to 1.01, and a negative C plate between the upper polarizer and the in-plane switching mode liquid crystal panel.

An organic light emitting diode comprises a hole transport layer, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer. The hole transport layer and optionally the electron transport layer is made of a material having a refractive index having a specific anisotropy.

The phase difference compensation element that is used in combination with a liquid crystal cell provided with a liquid crystal layer in which an optical axis of liquid crystal molecules is inclined and that compensates for a phase difference of light generated in the liquid crystal layer, the phase difference compensation element includes a substrate and a phase difference film having at least one oblique vapor deposition layer on at least one substrate surface of the substrate, and the phase difference compensation element is disposed in an aspect in which an intersecting angle between a slow-axis direction of the phase difference film and a fast-axis direction of the liquid crystal layer, which is a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the inclined optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules is projected onto the substrate surface, is −25° to +25°.

Disclosed herein are a retardation film for IPS mode, a polarizing plate including the same, and a liquid crystal display including the same. The retardation film for IPS mode has an out-of-plane retardation at a wavelength of 450 nm (Rth (450) of about −80 nm to 0 nm, an out-of-plane retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm (Rth (550) of about −60 nm to 10 nm, an out-of-plane retardation at a wavelength of 650 nm (Rth (650) of about −60 nm to 10 nm, and an in-plane retardation (Re) at a wavelength of 550 nm of about 0 nm to 10 nm.

A display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate which face each other, a first retarder which is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and is a positive C plate and a second retarder which is disposed on an outer side of the second substrate and is a negative biaxial film.

Provided is a phase difference plate including a substrate and a phase difference film which is an oblique film, in which, in a case where three principal refractive indices in a biaxial refractive index ellipsoid exhibiting the refractivity anisotropy are defined as nx, ny, and nz, Conditional Expression (1) is satisfied, and in a case where an incidence angle in a direction inclined to the X-axis side with respect to the normal line is regarded as positive, a phase difference ratio Re(30) ratio, which is a ratio of Re(+30) of a phase difference of the incidence light with an incidence angle of +30° to Re(−30) of a phase difference of the incidence light with an incidence angle of −30°, satisfies Conditional Expression (2).

ny>nx>nz  (1)

Re(30) ratio=Re(30)/Re(−30)=1.1 to 4.0  (2)

The present invention provides a luminance-enhancing film including a λ/4 plate, and a reflection polarizer, including a first light reflection layer, a second light reflection layer, and a third light reflection layer from the λ/4 plate side sequentially, the light reflection layers being light reflection layers formed by fixing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase, and including blue, green and red light reflection layers, and Rth(550) of the first light reflection layer and Rth(550) of the second light reflection layer having inverse signs; and a luminance-enhancing film including a λ/4 plate and a reflection polarizer including at least a light reflection layer formed of a rod-like cholesteric liquid crystal material and a light reflection layer formed of a disk-like cholesteric liquid crystal material. The luminance-enhancing film has high luminance and is able to suppress an oblique change in the color.

A display device, in which a plurality of pixels is defined, includes: a first insulating substrate; a polarizer disposed on a surface of the first insulating substrate; a second insulating substrate which faces the surface of the first insulating substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the polarizer and the second insulating substrate, where the liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystals and a dichroic dye.

A switchable privacy display comprises a spatial light modulator (SLM), a first switchable liquid crystal (LC) retarder and first passive retarder between a first pair of polarisers and a second switchable LC retarder and second passive retarder between a second pair of polarisers. The first switchable LC retarder comprises two homeotropic alignment layers and the second switchable LC retarder comprises two homogeneous alignment layers. In privacy mode, on-axis light from the SLM is directed without loss, whereas off-axis light has reduced luminance to reduce visibility to off-axis snoopers. The display may achieve privacy operation in landscape and portrait orientations. Further, display reflectivity may be reduced for on-axis reflections of ambient light, while reflectivity may be increased for off-axis light to achieve increased visual security. In public mode, the LC retardance is adjusted so that off-axis luminance and reflectivity are unmodified. The display may switch between day-time and night-time operation.

A beam deflector includes a first wavelength selective polarizer configured to convert a polarization state of light in a first wavelength band into a first polarization state, a first liquid crystal deflector including liquid crystal molecules and an optical path change surface to deflect light incident from the first wavelength selective polarizer, and a controller configured to control the first liquid crystal deflector to adjust an angle of the first optical path change surface.