A phase difference compensating element that can effectively compensate polarization disturbance, and a projection-type image projecting device are provided. The phase difference compensating element includes: a birefringent layer formed with a film stack of obliquely-deposited films, each of the obliquely-deposited films having a thickness equal to or smaller than the used wavelength; and an Rd-AR film that is formed with a film stack of two or more kinds of dielectric films having different refractive indexes, and provides an arbitrary phase difference to a phase difference in obliquely-incident transmitted light in the birefringent layer. The phase difference Rd to be provided by the Rd-AR film satisfies 1<Rd(λ)/Rd(λ′)<1.5 (λ<λ′), at an arbitrary wavelength λ in the used wavelength band and within an incident light angle range of 0 to 25 degrees.

The liquid crystal display device includes a transparent cover, a first polarizing plate with retardation function, an optical device, and a liquid crystal panel. The first polarizing plate with retardation function is in a form of a film, and is obtained by laminating, from the front side, a cover film, a polarizer layer, and a cover film with retardation function for changing the polarization state of transmitted light. The first polarizing plate with retardation function and the transparent cover are bonded by using a transparent adhesive layer. The second polarizing plate with retardation function has a configuration in which a cover film with retardation function for changing the polarization state of transmitted light, a polarizer layer, and a cover film are laminated, and is bonded to the liquid crystal section with a transparent adhesive layer being interposed between the second polarizing plate with retardation function and the liquid crystal section.

A liquid crystal display device includes, in this order from a light source side: a first polarizer; a liquid crystal cell in which an azimuth orientation direction of a liquid crystal substance is altered by an electric field parallel to a display surface; and a second polarizer. Absorption axes of the first and second polarizers are disposed in directions orthogonal to each other. The absorption axis of the first polarizer and an orientation axis of molecules of the liquid crystal substance are disposed in parallel to each other. The device further includes: a first substrate layer between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizer; and no substrate layer or a second substrate layer as only one layer between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer. An in-plane direction of an optical axis of the first substrate layer is parallel to the absorption axis of the first polarizer.

The present specification provides a multi-layer liquid crystal film including: a substrate; a first alignment film comprising an alignment material and an acrylate in which a weight ratio of the alignment material to the acrylate is 3:1 to 5:1; a first liquid crystal film provided on the first alignment film; a second alignment film provided on the first liquid crystal film; and a second liquid crystal film provided on the second alignment film, and a method for manufacturing a polarizing plate, the method including: laminating the multi-layer liquid crystal film to a polarizer and peeling off the substrate.

A phase difference plate includes a phase difference plate P1 and a phase difference plate P2. An in-plane slow axis of the phase difference plate P1 is orthogonal to an in-plane slow axis of the phase difference plate P2. The phase difference plate P2 includes a layer of a liquid crystal material oriented in an in-plane direction. An in-plane retardation ReP2(λ) at a wavelength λ nm of the phase difference plate P2 satisfies the following formulae (e1) and (e2): {Re2(400)−Re2(550)}/{Re2(550)−Re2(700)}<2.90 (e1), and Re2(400)/Re2(700)>1.13 (e2). An in-plane retardation ReP1(λ) of the phase difference plate P1 at a wavelength λ nm and the in-plane retardation ReP2(λ) of the phase difference plate P2 at the wavelength λ nm satisfy the following formulae (e4) and (e5): ReP1(550)>ReP2(550) (e4), and ReP1(400)/ReP1(700)<ReP2(400)/ReP2(700) (e5).

A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state when a voltage is applied, and a polarizer, wherein each of the first and second polymer film substrates have in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

An object of the present invention is to provide an optical material having a visual confirmation effect due to higher directivity of light reflection than a conventional optical material. The present invention provides a laminate having a multilayer laminated film in which 11 or more layers of a plurality of different thermoplastic resins are alternately laminated, wherein, with respect to light in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm and that is perpendicularly incident on an outer surface of the multilayer laminated film, the laminate has an average transmittance in the above wavelength range of 50% or more, and when average reflectances in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm with respect to S-wave light in the wavelength range, incident at angles of 20° and 70° with respect to the normal line of the outer surface of the film at azimuths ϕ.sub.n (n: 1 to 5), are given as Rs20(ϕ.sub.n) and Rs70(ϕ.sub.n), respectively, the laminate satisfies, at at least one azimuth ϕ.sub.n:

Rs70(ϕ.sub.n)−Rs20(ϕ.sub.n)≥50(%).

The present application discloses a fringe field driven liquid crystal display panel. The fringe field driven liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate having a first glass layer and a first alignment film on the first glass layer; a second substrate facing the first substrate and having a second glass layer and a second alignment film on the second glass layer; and a liquid crystal layer between the first alignment film and the second alignment film. A first main optical axis of the first glass layer and a second main optical axis of the second glass layer are non-parallel to each other and have an included angle α. The first alignment film and the second alignment film have non-parallel rubbing angles, configured to reduce light leakage and color shift in the fringe field driven liquid crystal display panel.

A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, a reflective layer, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state different from the first orientation state upon application of a voltage, each of the polymer film substrates has an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

A liquid crystal retardation film, a polarizing plate for light emitting displays including the same, and a light emitting display including the same are provided. The liquid crystal retardation film includes: a first retardation layer having no alignment layer, a UV absorbent primer layer, and a second retardation layer sequentially formed in the stated order, wherein each of the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer may be a liquid crystal layer.