A transmittance-variable film and a use thereof, where the transmittance-variable film can control pretilt of a liquid crystal interface by applying a liquid crystal alignment film containing splay oriented liquid crystal molecules, and can vertically and horizontally orient a liquid crystal layer or a liquid crystal interface according to an average tilt angle of the liquid crystal alignment film to ensure uniformity of driving and fast response speed. In addition, by applying a liquid crystal alignment film, the transmittance-variable film can be implemented in various modes with a simple coating-drying-curing method excluding the rubbing process by controlling an arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal alignment film other than the pretilt control method using the conventional rubbing method.

Provided is a curved display device capable of preventing or reducing local light leakage while achieving a certain contrast ratio. The curved display device includes a liquid crystal panel in a normally black mode. The liquid crystal panel includes a first polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizer in a stated order from a viewing surface side. The liquid crystal cell includes a first substrate including a transparent substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and a second substrate including a transparent substrate in a stated order from the viewing surface side. At least one of the first substrate or the second substrate is provided with a third polarizer on a surface of the transparent substrate closer to the liquid crystal layer.

A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present system and method includes a first insulation substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the first insulation substrate, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, a protrusion disposed on the pixel electrode, a second insulation substrate facing the first insulation substrate, a common electrode disposed on the second insulation substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, wherein one pixel includes a thin film transistor formation region where the thin film transistor is disposed and a display area where the pixel electrode is disposed, and the protrusion is disposed to overlay at least a portion of edges of the display area.

A method is disclosed for realizing a liquid crystal tri-dimensional aligned structure, including: providing a first substrate having a first surface; forming a liquid crystal layer in contact to said first surface, said liquid crystal layer including a polymerizable liquid crystal compound; realizing a first aligning formation within said liquid crystal layer by irradiating a first portion of said liquid crystal layer with electromagnetic or electron beam radiation according to a given first pattern, so that said first portion of liquid crystal compound becomes polymerized and said first aligning formation is made of said polymerized liquid crystal compound according to said given first pattern, said first aligning structure defining a first aligning axis; locally orienting optical axes of molecules of said liquid crystal layer along said first aligning axis.

A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first substrate, a thin film transistor (TFT), a pixel electrode, an organic layer, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The TFT is disposed on the first substrate. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the TFT. The pixel electrode includes side surfaces forming a first angle with respect to the first substrate. The organic layer substantially covers the side surfaces of the pixel electrode. The organic layer includes side surfaces forming a second angle with respect to the first substrate. The second angle is smaller than the first angle. The second substrate faces the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

A laminate is capable of forming an orientation film formed by orienting a rod-like liquid crystal compound or a disk-like liquid crystal compound having a horizontal orientation ability or a vertical orientation ability with respect to a surface of the laminate, on the surface, by using an orientation restraining force of the surface, the laminate including: a cholesteric liquid crystal layer. An optical film sequentially includes: a support; a cholesteric liquid crystal layer; and an orientation film.

A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate, a second substrate overlapping the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate and including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules, a first alignment layer positioned between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer positioned between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and a plurality of protrusions positioned at at least one of between the first alignment layer and the liquid crystal layer and between the second alignment layer and the liquid crystal layer, wherein at least one among the plurality of protrusions includes a polymer of a reactive mesogen, and the reactive mesogen is represented by Chemical Formula 1:

P.sub.a-A.sub.1-OCH.sub.2.sub.nO-A.sub.2-P.sub.b  Chemical Formula 1

A liquid crystal display including a first substrate; a second substrate on the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first alignment layer between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer and including a first polymer; a second alignment layer between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer and including a second polymer; and protrusions between the first alignment layer and the liquid crystal layer, wherein at least one of the protrusions includes an alignment polymer polymerized with a reactive mesogen, the first polymer includes a first main chain and a plurality of first side chains connected to the first main chain, and at least one of the plurality of first side chains includes a photoreactive group and a photoreactive derivative, and wherein the photoreactive group has an absorbance that is greater than that of the reactive mesogen.

A liquid crystal device includes: an element substrate; a counter substrate disposed opposite to the element substrate; a sealing material disposed between the element substrate and the counter substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed on an inner side of the sealing material and containing liquid crystal. The element substrate includes an alignment film configured to align the liquid crystal and an ion-adsorbing first adsorption film disposed in contact with the sealing material. The alignment film includes a first vapor-deposited film and a second vapor-deposited film disposed between the first vapor-deposited film and the liquid crystal layer. The second vapor-deposited film and the first adsorption film include a column of which a long axis direction intersects a thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer. A thickness of the first adsorption film is thicker than a thickness of the second vapor-deposited film.

Provided is a liquid crystal display including: a liquid crystal panel assembly including a plurality of pixels; a data driver applying data voltages to a plurality of data lines connected to the plurality of pixels; and a signal controller generating image data signals to provide the generated image data signals to the data driver, in which the plurality of pixels includes a reactive mesogen (RM) alignment layer formed on a display panel, and the signal controller generates the image data signals by adjusting the data voltage with the maximum gray applied to the blue pixel to be decreased by a predetermined level.