An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a liquid crystal display, including: a first substrate including a first pixel electrode, the first pixel electrode having a planar shape; a second substrate disposed facing the first substrate, including a common electrode disposed on the second substrate; a liquid crystal layer including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a plurality of pixels disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, each of the plurality of pixels including a plurality of domains, and liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer disposed in different domains have different pretilt directions.

A liquid crystal device includes: an element substrate; a counter substrate disposed opposite to the element substrate; a sealing material disposed between the element substrate and the counter substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed on an inner side of the sealing material and containing liquid crystal. The element substrate includes an alignment film configured to align the liquid crystal and an ion-adsorbing first adsorption film disposed in contact with the sealing material. The alignment film includes a first vapor-deposited film and a second vapor-deposited film disposed between the first vapor-deposited film and the liquid crystal layer. The second vapor-deposited film and the first adsorption film include a column of which a long axis direction intersects a thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer. A thickness of the first adsorption film is thicker than a thickness of the second vapor-deposited film.

A method of fabricating an electrically-controlled birefringence cell. The cell has a cell gap no more than 20 micrometers. The cell has an alignment layer arranged to impart a pretilt on liquid crystal in contact with the alignment layer. The method comprises processing the alignment layer to achieve a surface anchoring value between the liquid crystal and alignment layer of less than 1 mJ/m.sup.2.

The present application discloses a display panel, a method of photo alignment and a driving method of the display panel. A display area of the display panel is divided into at least a first area and a second area, light transmittance of the first area is different from that of the second area when driven by the identical voltage difference, and pre-tilt angles of liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the first area are different from those of liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the second area.

Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display, including: a first substrate; a first sub-pixel electrode positioned on the first substrate including a first sub-region and a second sub-region; a second sub-pixel electrode positioned on the first substrate including a third sub-region and a fourth sub-region; and an insulating layer positioned between the first sub-region of the first sub-pixel electrode and the second sub-pixel electrode, wherein liquid crystal molecules corresponding to a first region in which the second sub-region of the first sub-pixel electrode is positioned, a second region in which the first sub-region of the first sub-pixel electrode and the third sub-region of the second sub-pixel electrode overlap each other, and a third region in which the fourth sub-region of the second sub-pixel electrode is positioned are configured to have different pretilts.

This liquid crystal display device has a plurality of pixels. Each pixel in the plurality of pixels includes first to fourth alignment regions; these first to fourth alignment regions are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the pixels, and the difference between any two alignment orientations in the first to fourth alignment regions is approximately equal to an integer multiple of 90 degrees. Of the pre-tilt angles defined by a first alignment film and a second alignment film in each of the first to fourth alignment regions, one pre-tilt angle is less than 90 degrees and the other pre-tilt angle is substantially 90 degrees. The optical alignment film is formed using a polymer having an optical alignment group in the side chain, and the content of the optical alignment group in the side chain of the polymer is less than 1.1 mmol/g.

A liquid crystal display apparatus includes first and second substrates and a liquid crystal layer of vertical alignment type. The first substrate includes pixel electrodes and a first alignment film, whereas the second substrate includes a counter electrode and a second alignment film. Each pixel includes first and second subpixels which allow respectively different voltages to be applied across the liquid crystal layer. Each pixel electrode includes a subpixel electrode provided for each of the first and second subpixels. Each of the first and second subpixels includes first to fourth liquid crystal domains having respectively different reference alignment directions being defined by the first and second alignment films. First to fourth directions, which are the reference alignment directions of the first to fourth liquid crystal domains, each make an angle which is substantially equal to an odd multiple of 45° with respect to the pixel transverse direction.

The liquid crystal display panel includes a first vertical alignment film (20), a liquid crystal layer (30), and a second vertical alignment film (40). First and second high-pretilt angle regions (21a, 21b) of the first vertical alignment film (20) are opposed to first and second high-pretilt angle regions (41a, 41b) of the second vertical alignment film (40), and are shorter in length than the first and second high-pretilt angle regions (41a, 41b) of the second vertical alignment film (40) in a direction along the longitudinal direction of the pixel region 101. First and second high-pretilt angle regions (23a, 23b) of the first vertical alignment film (20) are opposed to first and second high-pretilt angle regions (43a, 43b) of the second vertical alignment film (40), and are shorter in length than the first and second high-pretilt angle regions (43a, 43b) of the second vertical alignment film (40) in the direction along the longitudinal direction of the pixel region (101).

A liquid crystal display includes a first insulation substrate, a gate line, a data line configured to cross the gate line while being insulated therefrom, a thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the data line, a pixel electrode configured to include a first subpixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor and a second subpixel electrode, a second insulation substrate configured to face the first insulation substrate, a common electrode disposed on the second insulation substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first insulation substrate and the second insulation substrate to include a plurality of liquid crystal molecules, where each of the first subpixel electrode and the second subpixel electrode includes a unit pixel electrode including a plurality of minute branches that is extended from a horizontal stem and a vertical stem.

A liquid crystal display is formed by arraying a plurality of pixels 10, and the pixel 10 includes a first substrate 20, a second substrate 50, a first electrode 120 formed on the first substrate 20, a second electrode 52 formed on the second substrate 50, and a liquid crystal layer 60. A pretilt angle is provided to a liquid crystal molecule 61, and the first electrode 120 is formed of a transparent conductive material layer and a foundation layer 150 including a plurality of projecting portions 130 and recessed portions 140. A first transparent conductive material layer 135 connected to a first power feeding unit is formed on a projecting portion top surface 151 of the foundation layer 150, and a second transparent conductive material layer 145 connected to a second power feeding unit is formed on a recessed portion bottom surface 152 of the foundation layer 150.