A display panel includes a liquid crystal cell, a light guide plate, and at least one light source. The light guide plate is attached to a surface of the liquid crystal cell in a thickness direction of the liquid crystal. The light guide plate includes a first surface, a second surface and side surfaces. In a thickness direction of the light guide plate, the first surface is opposite to the second surface, and the side faces are located between the first surface and the second surface. The first surface is closer to the liquid crystal cell than the second surface. A light source is disposed on at least a partial region in at least one side face. The light guide plate is configured such that light incident on the second surface in light from the light source is totally reflected, and then exits from the first surface.

A liquid crystal display is provided and includes first substrate; data and gate lines on first substrate; first electrode arranged over data and gate lines; insulating layer on first electrode; second electrode on insulating layer including connection electrode, wherein projection electrodes connected to connection electrode; second substrate; black matrix on second substrate including first black matrix with a constant width, a second black matrix; and liquid crystal layer sandwiched between first and second substrates, wherein width of first black matrix is wider than width of second black matrix, where second black matrix overlaps connection electrode so as to dispose connection electrode inside of second black matrix in plan view.

An optical device, comprising: —a first electrode layer; —a second electrode layer provided at a distance from the first electrode layer; —the first and second electrode layer being light transmitting; wherein the optical device further comprises, in between the first and the second electrode layers: o a diffractive optical element adjacent to the first electrode layer and comprising at least one sloped surface; and o a liquid crystalline material filling a space between the sloped surface and the second electrode layer; the liquid crystalline material having a pretilt that compensates for a slope angle of the at least one sloped surface.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an optical laminate in which an alignment defect is less likely to occur in a light-absorbing anisotropic layer even in a case where a surface of a photo-alignment layer is rubbed; an optical laminate; and an image display device. The method for manufacturing an optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for manufacturing an optical laminate in which an optical laminate including a photo-alignment layer and a light-absorbing anisotropic layer and having a front transmittance of 60% or less is produced and which includes a photo-alignment layer formation step of forming a photo-alignment layer on a polymer film, and a light-absorbing anisotropic layer formation step of applying a liquid crystal composition containing a dichroic substance and a high-molecular liquid crystalline compound onto the photo-alignment layer to form a light-absorbing anisotropic layer.

A transmittance-variable device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the transmittance-variable device includes a retardation film, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal layer configured to implement a twist orientation mode, wherein the retardation film, the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer are sequentially arranged, wherein a twist angle (T) is in a range of 50 degrees to 180 degrees, and wherein the smallest angle A between a slow axis of the retardation film and an alignment direction of the liquid crystal alignment film satisfies Equation 1 when a product (Δnd) of a refractive index anisotropy (Δn) and a thickness (d) is 0.7 μm or less, and satisfies Equation 2 when the product (Δnd) is more than 0.7 μm. The transmittance-variable device can be applied to various applications without causing problems such as a crosstalk phenomenon, a rainbow phenomenon or a mirroring phenomenon.

A transmittance-variable device is provided in the present application. The present application can provide a transmittance-variable device, which can be applied to various applications without causing problems such as a crosstalk phenomenon, a rainbow phenomenon or a mirroring phenomenon, while having excellent transmittance-variable characteristics.

A liquid crystal display is provided and includes first substrate; data and gate lines on first substrate; thin film transistor connected to data and gate lines; common electrode arranged over data and gate lines; insulating layer on common electrode; pixel electrode on insulating layer including connection pixel electrode, wide projection pixel electrode connected to connection pixel electrode, and projection pixel electrodes connected to connection pixel electrode; second substrate facing first substrate; black matrix on second substrate including first and second black matrix; and liquid crystal layer sandwiches between first and second substrates, wherein first black matrix overlaps wide projection pixel electrode, and second black matrix overlaps connection pixel electrode, and length of the connection pixel electrode is longer than length of the wide projection pixel electrode and length of projection pixel electrodes.

Provided are a transmittance variable window that maximizes user convenience and a moving means including the same including a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a first electrode and a first alignment layer sequentially stacked on a surface of the first substrate, the surface facing the second substrate; a second electrode and a second alignment layer sequentially stacked on a surface of the second substrate, the surface facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer; a first polarizing plate disposed on a surface of the first substrate, the surface facing away from the second substrate; and a second polarizing plate disposed on a surface of the second substrate, the surface facing away from the first substrate, wherein if a potential difference applied between the first electrode and the second electrode is V, considering an incidence light incident on any one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate and a transmitting light passing through the other one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate, a transmittance defined as a ratio of the intensity of the transmitting light to the intensity of the incidence light varies between a minimum transmittance and a maximum transmittance as V changes, and an initial transmittance when V is 0 is greater than the minimum transmittance and less than the maximum transmittance.

Provided are an array substrate and a display apparatus thereof. The array substrate includes a display region and a binding region located at a side of the display region; the binding region includes a first conductive layer disposed on the substrate and a planarization layer disposed at a side of the first conductive layer away from the substrate. The binding region includes a binding zone and a vacancy zone alternately disposed along an edge of the display region, the first conductive layer includes a plurality of binding pins disposed in the binding zone, and the planarization layer is provided with first openings exposing the plurality of binding pins and covering the binding zone and the vacancy zone.

A transparent device for use in optical applications, and methods for using and manufacturing the device are disclosed. The device generally requires several layers, including (i) a first layer comprising a transparent conductive oxide (such as indium tin oxide (ITO)), (ii) a second layer comprising a transparent semiconductor (e.g., a pn-heterojunction or a pn-homojunction), the second layer having a surface facing the first layer, (iii) a third layer comprising a liquid crystal (such as E7), the third layer having a surface facing the second layer, and (iv) a fourth layer comprising either a second transparent conductive oxide or a second transparent semiconductor, the fourth layer having a surface facing the third layer. When light illuminates a surface of the transparent metal oxide pn-heterojunction or transparent metal oxide pn-homojunction, it induces photoconductivity, modifying the surface charges.