A quantum rod display device has an enhanced alignment of the quantum rods that is achieved by employing an aligned block copolymer material to align the quantum rods. The display device may be a transflective display device. The display device includes a liquid crystal layer and a quantum rod structure optically coupled to the liquid crystal layer. The quantum rod structure includes an aligned block copolymer material including a first polymer strain and a second polymer strain that are aligned relative to each other, and quantum rods that are embedded within either the first polymer strain or the second polymer strain, and the quantum rods are aligned by the alignment of the polymer strain in which the quantum rods are embedded. The quantum rod structure may be unpatterned whereby the quantum rod structure emits light of a single color or a combined color emission, or patterned into regions whereby at least two of the regions include quantum rods that emit light of different colors. The quantum rods may include a functionalization ligand that renders the quantum rods preferentially soluble into the polymer strain in which the quantum rods are aligned.

A liquid crystal display device includes: a plurality of scan lines and signal lines on one of a pair of substrates arranged to be opposed to each other with a liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween, the scan lines and signal lines extending in different directions; and an orientation film, pixel electrode, insulating layer and common electrode, the orientation film being rubbed in a rubbing direction having a given inclination with respect to a pixel arrangement direction. The pixel electrode is partitioned by the scan lines and signal lines and has subpixels made up of first and second regions. The first region has a plurality of slit-shaped openings having a given inclination in a first direction with respect to the rubbing direction. The second region has a plurality of slit-shaped openings having a given inclination in a second direction with respect to the rubbing direction.

A method for preparing a functionalized graphene layer is provided. The method utilizes superiority of transparent conductivity of the graphene and modifiability of the graphene surface to endow the graphene with an effect of liquid crystal molecule alignment. Thus, the functionalized graphene layer provides both transparent conductivity and liquid crystal alignment, and an alignment process that subsequently uses an alignment material is not necessary.

Provided are a smart window, a sliding smart window, a smart window for a vehicle, a sun visor for a vehicle, a smart window device, and a head-mounted smart window device which have maximized user convenience.

The present application provides a display apparatus having a display area and a black matrix area surrounding the display area. The display apparatus includes a first display substrate and a second display substrate opposite to each other and assembled together. The first display substrate includes a first base substrate, and a black matrix on the first base substrate and in the black matrix area. The second display substrate includes a second base substrate, and an array of a plurality of thin film transistors on the second base substrate for driving image display in the display apparatus. The black matrix has a serrated edge surrounding the display area.

A thin film transistor substrate including a pixel region constructed with pixels, includes: gate signal lines provided in the pixel region and extending in a first direction; gate lead-out lines provided in the pixel region and extending in a second direction; a thin film transistor and a pixel electrode provided in each of the pixels; a common electrode provided across the pixels; and a common line electrically connected to the common electrode. The gate signal lines and the gate lead-out lines are connected to each other through a first contact hole at at least one of a plurality of intersections of the gate signal lines and the gate lead-out lines, and the common line covers the first contact hole in planar view of the thin film transistor substrate.

A display device includes a first source wiring line having a first wide width portion with a second width greater than the first width. The first wide width portion is disposed in a vicinity of one of spacers. The first wide width portion includes an overlapping region overlapping with a black matrix and a non-overlapping region not overlapping with the black matrix when seen in a normal line direction of a main surface of a substrate. A spacer shadow region extending from one spacer to a side of a first direction with an identical width with a width of the one spacer includes a first region overlapping with the black matrix and a second region not overlapping with the black matrix when seen in the normal line direction. The non-overlapping region of the first wide width portion partially overlaps with the second region of the spacer shadow region.

A liquid crystal phase modulation device includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a first alignment layer, and a first spacer. The liquid crystal layer is between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first alignment layer is adjacent to the liquid crystal layer and having a first alignment direction. The first spacer is between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first spacer has a diamond shape in a top view, and the diamond shape of the first spacer has a first length in the first alignment direction and a second length in a direction perpendicular to the first alignment direction in the top view, and the first length is greater than the second length.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent composition comprising a polymerizable liquid crystal alignment polymer; and a catalyst precursor compound of a specific structure, a method for preparing a liquid crystal alignment film using the same, and a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display using the same.

A quantum rod display device has an enhanced alignment of the quantum rods that is achieved by employing an aligned block copolymer material to align the quantum rods. The display device may be a transflective display device. The display device includes a liquid crystal layer and a quantum rod structure optically coupled to the liquid crystal layer. The quantum rod structure includes an aligned block copolymer material including a first polymer strain and a second polymer strain that are aligned relative to each other, and quantum rods that are embedded within either the first polymer strain or the second polymer strain, and the quantum rods are aligned by the alignment of the polymer strain in which the quantum rods are embedded. The quantum rod structure may be unpatterned whereby the quantum rod structure emits light of a single color or a combined color emission, or patterned into regions whereby at least two of the regions include quantum rods that emit light of different colors. The quantum rods may include a functionalization ligand that renders the quantum rods preferentially soluble into the polymer strain in which the quantum rods are aligned.