The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that is less likely to have display failures and has high reliability and excellent light resistance in aging. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, including: a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules and interposed between the pair of substrates; and an alignment control layer for perpendicularly aligning the liquid crystal molecules, the alignment control layer being formed by polymerizing a monofunctional monomer and a polyfunctional monomer in a liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal molecules, the monofunctional monomer, and the polyfunctional monomer, the polyfunctional monomer generating a radical by annealing and irradiation with light at not less than 340 nm, the monofunctional monomer having a biphenyl skeleton as a core and a polymerizable group bonded to the biphenyl skeleton directly or indirectly via a spacer.

An exposure apparatus including a substrate transporting unit configured to transport a substrate in a first direction, and including a first measuring part; and an exposure part disposed over the substrate transporting unit configured to irradiate the substrate with ultraviolet rays. The first measuring part is configured to measure an intensity of the ultraviolet rays before the substrate is irradiated.

A cured-film formation composition that includes: (A) one or more compounds having a photo-aligning group and hydroxy group, etc.; (B) a polymer having at least one substituent from the group of a hydroxy group, carboxy group, amino group, and alkoxysilyl group, and the like; and (C) a cross-linking agent. Component (A) contains a compound having a group of Formula [1] below as the photo-aligning group: ##STR00001##
where A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are independently a hydrogen atom or methyl group; and A.sup.3 is a hydroxy group. A cured-film is formed from the cured-film formation composition, and orientation material is formed by use of photo-alignment technique. A retardation material is obtained by applying a polymerizable liquid crystal on the orientation material and curing it.

The present disclosure provides a liquid crystal display panel, including a first substrate, a second substrate, a plurality of reactive monomers, and a plurality of liquid crystal monomers. The first substrate is formed with a color resist layer and a driving circuit layer, and includes a first alignment film and a first reactive monomer layer. The second substrate is disposed opposite the first substrate and formed with a black matrix layer, and includes a second alignment film and a second reactive monomer layer. The reactive monomers are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal monomers are filled among the reactive monomers, wherein the black matrix layer is formed with through holes in a non-display area of the liquid crystal display panel.

A liquid crystal display apparatus includes first and second substrates and a liquid crystal layer of vertical alignment type. The first substrate includes pixel electrodes and a first alignment film, whereas the second substrate includes a counter electrode and a second alignment film. Each pixel includes first and second subpixels which allow respectively different voltages to be applied across the liquid crystal layer. Each pixel electrode includes a subpixel electrode provided for each of the first and second subpixels. Each of the first and second subpixels includes first to fourth liquid crystal domains having respectively different reference alignment directions being defined by the first and second alignment films. First to fourth directions, which are the reference alignment directions of the first to fourth liquid crystal domains, each make an angle which is substantially equal to an odd multiple of 45° with respect to the pixel transverse direction.

A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display, and the display formed thereby, the method including forming a first display panel including a thin film transistor and a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, the thin film transistor including an auxiliary electrode, a semiconductor layer disposed on the auxiliary electrode, and a gate electrode disposed on the semiconductor layer, forming a second display panel including a common electrode, forming a liquid crystal layer including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules on the first display panel or the second display panel, bonding the first display panel and the second display panel, applying different voltages to the pixel electrode and the common electrode, and irradiating ultraviolet rays in the liquid crystal layer, to initially align the liquid crystal molecules.

A liquid crystal display device includes a TFT substrate having a first alignment film and an opposing substrate having a second alignment film with liquid crystals sandwiched therebetween. One of the first and second alignment films, comprises a first polyimide produced via polyamide acid ester containing cyclobutane as a precursor and a second polyimide produced via polyamide acid as a precursor. The polyamide acid has a higher polarity than that of the polyamide acid ester. The one of the first and second alignment films is responsive to photo-alignment. A first side of the one of the first and second alignment films is adjacent to the liquid crystals, and a second side thereof is closer to one of the TFT substrate and the counter substrate than the first side. The first side contains more of the first polyimide and less of the second polyimide than the second side.

A liquid crystal display device is disclosed. The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate opposite of the first substrate, and a TFT layer on the first substrate. The TFT layer includes a gate electrode metal layer, and a source/drain electrode metal layer, where the source/drain electrode metal layer overlaps the gate electrode metal layer. The display device also includes an alignment film layer on a side of the first substrate that faces the second substrate, and on a side of the second substrate that faces the first substrate. The display device also includes at least one protrusion on at least a part of a side of at least one of the gate electrode metal layer and the source/drain electrode metal layer that faces the first substrate, where the protrusion is configured to reflect incident light from a side of the first substrate.

In a photo alignment process according to a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device including a display panel with a liquid crystal layer interposed between substrates, in order to even the exposure amount of ultraviolet light in an area of a substrate passing through the lower central portion of a bar-like UV lamp arranged in a prolonged way in a direction crossing the proceeding direction of the substrate and in an area of the substrate passing through the end portions thereof, the ultraviolet light is irradiated through an aperture having a larger opening width in the end portions than in the center portion.

A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate including a gate line, a data line, a pixel electrode, a common electrode, and a photo-alignment film; a second substrate including a photo-alignment film; a liquid crystal layer including a negative liquid crystal molecule; and a spacer that keeps an interval between the substrates constant. The first substrate and the second substrate are formed such that a rate of change is larger than 6.25% in the spacer, the rate of change indicating a rate of an amount of change to a reference height, the amount of change indicating a difference between the reference height and a height after pushing and bonding of the first substrate and the second substrate to each other, the reference height indicating an original height before bonding of the first substrate and the second substrate to each other.