A driving substrate is provided. The driving substrate includes a substrate and a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate. The thin film transistor includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a semiconductor. The first metal layer has a first portion, a second portion, and a first bridge. The second metal layer has a third portion, a fourth portion, and a second bridge. The first metal layer is overlapped with the second metal layer and the semiconductor. In a top view, the first portion and the second portion are separated by a first gap and are connected by the first bridge, the third portion and the fourth portion are separated by the first gap and are connected by the second bridge.

According to an aspect, a display apparatus includes: a first light-transmissive substrate; a second light-transmissive substrate facing the first light-transmissive substrate; a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first light-transmissive substrate and the second light-transmissive substrate, and including polymer dispersed liquid crystal; at least one light-emitting device facing at least one of a side surface of the first light-transmissive substrate or a side surface of the second light-transmissive substrate; and a display controller configured to perform control so as to reduce power consumption based on a signal, the signal being in accordance with a signal of external light intensity information supplied from an external light setting device.

An image signal line driver circuit includes first to third source drivers and fourth to sixth source drivers, which are respectively cascade-connected. The output duration of data signals that are provide to these source drivers is increasingly short on the source drivers that are connected further downstream (that is, the amount of pixel data to be output to the next stage is increasingly small). This reduces the power consumption and heat generation of the overall device. Moreover, the phases of the data signals are shifted, thereby reducing EMI. In this way, when a plurality of image signal line driver circuits are cascade-connected, heat generation and power consumption in each driver circuit and/or EMI therebetween is reduced.

An alignment layer for a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display includes a nano-particle layer. In a particular embodiment the nano-particle layer includes a lower nano-layer and an upper nano-layer, each formed onto oxide layers of the LCOS display. In a more particular embodiment, the lower nano-layer and the upper nano-layer are offset printed onto the oxide layers.

An optical device includes a window glass plate with which a window of a lid section is provided and which is connected to the lid section via a solder layer so that an internal space of the optical device is hermetically sealed. The solder layer has a void which is isolated from an external space and an internal space of the optical device.

A wavelength selective switch (WSS) apparatus is disclosed, which includes: a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) phase array configured for selectively diverting a certain wavelength component of light beams to continue to propagate and keeping another wavelength component of the light beams from propagating by controlling a voltage applied thereto and/or a polarization of the light beams, the LCOS phase array being provided with a first liquid crystal (LC) domain, a second liquid crystal (LC) domain, and a reflection component, the reflection component being configured to reflect a light beam input through the first LC domain back to the first LC domain and reflect a light beam input through the second LC domain back to the second LC domain; and a reflective element that is arranged to reflect the light beams output from the LCOS phase array back to the LCOS phase array.

A method and an apparatus for calibrating an image sensor array in a microscopic imaging system are provided. The method includes: performing a vignetting effect calibration and correction on the image sensor array, such that pixels acquired by all sub-field-of-view image sensors for capturing a scene with a same radiant exitance have a same gray level; performing a light encoding on a temporal-spatial union structure using a spatial light modulator, to establish correspondences of a plurality of feature points between an image space and a physical space; performing a light decoding on the temporal-spatial union structure, to acquire pixel coordinates of the plurality of feature points in an image plane and physical coordinates of the plurality of feature points in a plane of the spatial light modulator; acquiring a homography relationship according to the pixel coordinates and the physical coordinates, acquiring a global coordinate mapping according to the homography relationship.

According to an aspect, a display apparatus includes: a first light-transmissive substrate; a second light-transmissive substrate facing the first light-transmissive substrate; a liquid crystal layer sealed between the first light-transmissive substrate and the second light-transmissive substrate, and including polymer dispersed liquid crystal; at least one light-emitting device facing at least one of a side surface of the first light-transmissive substrate or a side surface of the second light-transmissive substrate; and a display controller configured to perform control so as to reduce power consumption based on a signal, the signal being in accordance with a signal of external light intensity information supplied from an external light setting device.

According to one embodiment, a projection type liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a bezel. The liquid crystal display panel includes an array substrate, an opposed substrate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the array substrate and the opposed substrate. The liquid crystal display panel has a first surface on one side of the array substrate and the opposed substrate, and a second surface on another side of the array substrate and the opposed substrate. The bezel covers a part of the liquid crystal panel. The bezel includes a first opening provided on a side of the first surface and a second opening provided on a side of the second surface. The second opening has a larger size than the first opening.

A panel carrier includes a substrate, a die-attach region, a short sidewall, and a conductor. The die-attach region is on a top substrate surface of the substrate for supporting the LCoS panel. The short sidewall is on a first side of the die-attach region and has a top sidewall surface at a first height above the top substrate surface exceeding 0.4 millimeters and an aperture spanning the top sidewall surface and the top substrate surface. The conductor at least partially fills the aperture for electrically connecting to the conductive layer. A method for mechanically and electrically connecting a LCoS panel to a panel carrier having a short sidewall includes electrically connecting a transparent conductive layer of the LCoS panel to a conductive material, within the short sidewall, with a conductive adhesive having a thickness, between the transparent conductive layer and the short sidewall, less than two-hundred micrometers.