Disclosed are methods of reducing the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in an infant, toddler, or child using nutritional compositions including human milk oligosaccharides. The nutritional compositions including the human milk oligosaccharides are effective in reducing inflammation and the incidence of inflammatory diseases.

Disclosed embodiments provide nutritional compositions and methods of enhancing maturation of an infant's brain. The methods include the step of administering to the infant a nutritional composition comprising a protein with a degree of hydrolysis of 10% to 75% in combination with at least one of a monoglyceride, a free fatty acid, a salt of a free fatty acid, a phospholipid, and cholesterol.

Disclosed embodiments provide nutritional compositions and methods of enhancing maturation of an infant's brain. The methods include the step of administering to the infant a nutritional composition comprising a protein with a degree of hydrolysis of 10% to 75% in combination with at least one of a monoglyceride, a free fatty acid, a salt of a free fatty acid, a phospholipid, and cholesterol.

Novel nutritional compositions supporting health and growth in mature and young animals are disclosed. The compositions are useful for the feeding of animals, particularly those used for food, performance animals, such as horses, and companion animals, such as dogs and cats. The nutritional compositions and supplements of the present invention are effective not only in supporting the growth and health but also in supporting and stimulating the immune system, and in mitigating undesirable infections. Additionally, particular fractions of the unique peptides produced by the disclosed methods can be separated and combined with and of a number health supporting ingredients, especially fatty acids which in combination with the peptides provide significantly enhanced health benefits.

Novel nutritional compositions supporting health and growth in mature and young animals are disclosed. The compositions are useful for the feeding of animals, particularly those used for food, performance animals, such as horses, and companion animals, such as dogs and cats. The nutritional compositions and supplements of the present invention are effective not only in supporting the growth and health but also in supporting and stimulating the immune system, and in mitigating undesirable infections. Additionally, particular fractions of the unique peptides produced by the disclosed methods can be separated and combined with and of a number health supporting ingredients, especially fatty acids which in combination with the peptides provide significantly enhanced health benefits.

The present disclosure generally relates to methods of preparing protein hydrolysates for use in pediatric nutritional compositions. Specifically, alpha-, beta- and/or kappa casein enriched casein, acid casein or caseinates can be hydrolyzed with proteases such as trypsin (trypsin-like), chymotrypsin (chymotrypsin-like), pepsin and/or plasmin to produce a hydrolysate that is close to the peptide composition of human breast milk.

Compositions and methods can use a combination of an autophagy inducer, such as spermidine, and high protein for induction of autophagy in an individual in need thereof. Preferably, a formulation containing a combination of an autophagy inducer and high protein is administered to the individual in an amount effective to induce autophagy, for example in muscle. The formulation can concomitantly promote protein synthesis and removal of damaged cellular materials. The recipient of administration can be a critically ill patient, for example a patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and/or an ageing patient, for example an elderly individual or an individual with sarcopenia.

An anxiolytic composition includes a synergistic combination of one or more of an L-theanine, an s-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), and optionally an extract of Magnolia, an extract of Phellodendron, and a whey protein.

An anxiolytic composition includes a synergistic combination of one or more of an L-theanine, an s-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), and optionally an extract of Magnolia, an extract of Phellodendron, and a whey protein.

Disclosed are compositions, including nutritional compositions, for reducing illness/infection related symptoms. In particular, administration of the inventive compositions helps to reduce symptoms such as those selected from impaired cognition, fever, anhedonia, loss of appetite, hyperalgesia, and sleep disturbances, lethargy, chills, irritability, and skin hypersensitivity to touch that often result from respiratory virus-induced inflammation.