A method and system is provided for determining a discrimination index in a subject that may be suffering from or at risk for a stress-induced psychiatric disorder. The discrimination index may be equal to a ratio of a subject's cued fear response and non-cued fear response measured during a fear-potentiated startle (FPS) paradigm. Such a value may allow a physician or researcher to quantify how well a subject discriminates between signaled (cued) fear and un-signaled (non-cued) fear, which may be a biomarker for psychiatric disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, phobias, and/or generalized anxiety disorder. The determined discrimination index may provide a standardized way of diagnosing and evaluating mental illnesses, more uniform treatment of patients, and/or more precise monitoring and evaluation of treatment efficacy.

A method and system is provided for determining a discrimination index in a subject that may be suffering from or at risk for a stress-induced psychiatric disorder. The discrimination index may be equal to a ratio of a subject's cued fear response and non-cued fear response measured during a fear-potentiated startle (FPS) paradigm. Such a value may allow a physician or researcher to quantify how well a subject discriminates between signaled (cued) fear and un-signaled (non-cued) fear, which may be a biomarker for psychiatric disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, phobias, and/or generalized anxiety disorder. The determined discrimination index may provide a standardized way of diagnosing and evaluating mental illnesses, more uniform treatment of patients, and/or more precise monitoring and evaluation of treatment efficacy.

Disclosed is a family of intranasal spray dispensers for administering uniform low doses of desmopressin so as to achieve safe antidiuresis in human patients. The dispensers of the invention may be used in the treatment of nocturia, primary nocturnal enuresis, incontinence, urinary frequency, diabetes insipidus, or any disease or syndrome where desmopressin therapy is useful or where safe temporary suppression of urine production may lead to beneficial health effects or increased convenience in voiding control.

Disclosed is a family of intranasal spray dispensers for administering uniform low doses of desmopressin so as to achieve safe antidiuresis in human patients. The dispensers of the invention may be used in the treatment of nocturia, primary nocturnal enuresis, incontinence, urinary frequency, diabetes insipidus, or any disease or syndrome where desmopressin therapy is useful or where safe temporary suppression of urine production may lead to beneficial health effects or increased convenience in voiding control.

The present invention is related to compositions containing extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and methods of using the same for increasing lifespan of fetus, viability of fetus, or viability of newborn, for treating inflammation in uterus and/or fetus, for delaying preterm birth, or for treating a condition related to inflammation in uterus and/or fetus, wherein the extracellular vesicles comprising a nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) inhibitor and a photo-specific binding protein.

The present invention is related to compositions containing extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and methods of using the same for increasing lifespan of fetus, viability of fetus, or viability of newborn, for treating inflammation in uterus and/or fetus, for delaying preterm birth, or for treating a condition related to inflammation in uterus and/or fetus, wherein the extracellular vesicles comprising a nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) inhibitor and a photo-specific binding protein.

The invention provides α-amino esters of a hydroxypropylthiazolidine carboxamide derivative, (2S)-3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-N-[(1S)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2-carboxamide, as well as salts and crystal polymorphs thereof, that can be used to inhibit prostaglandin F receptor. The invention further encompasses methods of treating disorders such as preterm labor at the early gestational stage by the administration of these substances to a patient in need of treatment.

The invention provides α-amino esters of a hydroxypropylthiazolidine carboxamide derivative, (2S)-3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-N-[(1S)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2-carboxamide, as well as salts and crystal polymorphs thereof, that can be used to inhibit prostaglandin F receptor. The invention further encompasses methods of treating disorders such as preterm labor at the early gestational stage by the administration of these substances to a patient in need of treatment.

The invention provides α-amino esters of a hydroxypropylthiazolidine carboxamide derivative, (2S)-3-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-N-[(1S)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2-carboxamide, as well as salts and crystal polymorphs thereof, that can be used to inhibit prostaglandin F receptor. The invention further encompasses methods of treating disorders such as preterm labor at the early gestational stage by the administration of these substances to a patient in need of treatment.

Methods and compounds for preventing and/or treating Zika virus (ZIKA) infection. And methods to screen for compound to prevent or treat Zika virus infection.