A memory circuit which includes: A synchronous memory cell array, configured to receive a clock signal and having address lines and bit lines. A margin agent, determining a status of the synchronous memory cell array based on a time duration between a transition of the clock signal and a change on a signal derived from a bit line due to a signaling on at least one of the address lines. In another aspect, a memory cell, having a bit line configured to provide data input/output to the memory cell may be provided with a comparator, comparing a voltage on the bit line with a reference voltage and indicating of a status of the memory cell thereby. Firmware may receive the indication of the status of a memory cell array, and transmit the indication, issue an alert, and/or reconfigure the memory circuit responsive to the status.

A near memory system is provided for the calculation of a layer in a machine learning application. The near memory system includes an array of memory cells for storing an array of filter weights. A multiply-and-accumulate circuit couples to columns of the array to form the calculation of the layer.

A near memory system is provided for the calculation of a layer in a machine learning application. The near memory system includes an array of memory cells for storing an array of filter weights. A multiply-and-accumulate circuit couples to columns of the array to form the calculation of the layer.

Example memory devices and example methods for using memory devices are described. An example memory device may include a first electrical bitline, a second electrical bitline, a bitcell, and an optical waveguide wordline. The bitcell is configured to store a bit value and includes storage circuitry and a pair of light-effect transistor access devices. The storage circuitry includes at least one transistor. The pair of light-effect transistor access devices are arranged for connecting the bitcell to the first electrical bitline and the second electrical bitline. The optical waveguide wordline is arranged for routing an optical signal to the pair of light-effect transistor access devices.

Example memory devices and example methods for using memory devices are described. An example memory device may include a first electrical bitline, a second electrical bitline, a bitcell, and an optical waveguide wordline. The bitcell is configured to store a bit value and includes storage circuitry and a pair of light-effect transistor access devices. The storage circuitry includes at least one transistor. The pair of light-effect transistor access devices are arranged for connecting the bitcell to the first electrical bitline and the second electrical bitline. The optical waveguide wordline is arranged for routing an optical signal to the pair of light-effect transistor access devices.

A dual-rail memory includes, in part, a memory array that operates using a first supply voltage, and a periphery circuit that operates using a second supply voltage. The periphery circuit includes, in part, a clock generation circuit and a comparator. The dual-rail memory also includes a level shifter that varies the voltage level of a number of signals of the memory between the first and second supply voltages. The clock generation circuit is adapted, among other operations, to generate a read clock signal in response to a read request signal. The level shifter is adapted to supply a reference wordline read signal in response to the read clock signal. The comparator is adapted to select a delay between the read clock signal and the reference wordline read signal in response to a difference between the first and second supply voltages.

A dual-rail memory includes, in part, a memory array that operates using a first supply voltage, and a periphery circuit that operates using a second supply voltage. The periphery circuit includes, in part, a clock generation circuit and a comparator. The dual-rail memory also includes a level shifter that varies the voltage level of a number of signals of the memory between the first and second supply voltages. The clock generation circuit is adapted, among other operations, to generate a read clock signal in response to a read request signal. The level shifter is adapted to supply a reference wordline read signal in response to the read clock signal. The comparator is adapted to select a delay between the read clock signal and the reference wordline read signal in response to a difference between the first and second supply voltages.

A static random access memory (SRAM) includes an array of storage cells and a first sense amplifier. The array of storage cells is arranged as rows and columns. The rows correspond to word lines and the columns correspond to bit lines. The first sense amplifier includes a first transistor and a second transistor. The first sense amplifier is configured to provide a first read of a first storage cell of the array of storage cells. Based on the first read of the first storage cell failing to correctly read data stored in the first storage cell, the first sense amplifier is configured to increment a body bias of the first transistor a first time. In response to the body bias of the first transistor being incremented, the first sense amplifier is configured to provide a second read of the first storage cell.

A static random access memory (SRAM) includes an array of storage cells and a first sense amplifier. The array of storage cells is arranged as rows and columns. The rows correspond to word lines and the columns correspond to bit lines. The first sense amplifier includes a first transistor and a second transistor. The first sense amplifier is configured to provide a first read of a first storage cell of the array of storage cells. Based on the first read of the first storage cell failing to correctly read data stored in the first storage cell, the first sense amplifier is configured to increment a body bias of the first transistor a first time. In response to the body bias of the first transistor being incremented, the first sense amplifier is configured to provide a second read of the first storage cell.

An operating method for a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) obtains a plurality of first sub-commands of a first activate command via a command bus, and obtaining a plurality of first address information regarding a plurality of first portions of a first row address of a specific bank via an address bus. Each of the first sub-commands corresponds to an individual first portion of the first row address of the specific bank. The method further combines the first portions of the first row address of the specific bank in response to a specific sub-command of the first sub-commands, so as to obtain a first complete row address; and obtains an access command via the command bus.