An electro-optic combiner includes a polarization splitter and rotator (PSR) that directs a portion of incoming light having a first polarization through a first optical waveguide (OW). The PSR rotates a portion of the incoming light having a second polarization to the first polarization to provide polarization-rotated light. The PSR directs the polarization-rotated light through a second OW. Each of the first and second OW's has a respective combiner section. The first and second OW combiner sections extend parallel to each other and have opposite light propagation directions. A plurality of ring resonators is disposed between the combiner sections of the first and second OW's and within an evanescent optically coupling distance of both the first and second OW's. Each of ring resonators operates at a respective resonant wavelength to optically couple light from the combiner section of the first OW into the combiner section of the second OW.

Based on graphene heterostructure in chip-scale silicon nitride microresonators, optoelectronic control and modulation in frequency combs via group velocity dispersion modulation can be demonstrated. By tuning graphene Fermi level from 0.50 eV to 0.65 eV via electric-field gating, deterministic in-cavity group velocity dispersion control from anomalous (−62 fs.sup.2/mm) to normal (+9 fs.sup.2/mm) can be achieved with Q factor remaining high at 10.sup.6. Consequently, both the primary comb lines and the full comb spectra can be controllable dynamically with the on/off switching of the Cherenkov radiation, the tuning of the primary comb lines from 2.3 THz to 7.2 THz, and the comb span control from zero comb lines to ˜781 phase-locked comb lines, directly via the DC voltage.

A ring resonator includes a core. Both ends of the core in a lengthwise direction are connected to have a circular shape. The ring resonator further includes a cladding surrounding the core, a jacket surrounding the cladding and a sleeve surrounding a portion of the jacket. A portion of the core is exposed from the cladding and the jacket.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods that utilize multicore optical fibers for gyro coil winding. Particularly, the use of multicore fiber enables inherent thermal stability without the need for complex, tedious, and costly winding patterns. Enabling the use of level winding techniques eliminates the need for complex quadrupole winding patterns. This simplicity lends itself to advancements towards full automation of winding coils for multicore fibers, without sacrificing performance. This, in turn increases the production rate and overcomes current barriers to fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) market expansion. In accordance with the embodiments, multicore fiber can be utilized in various gyro coil winding techniques, including: level winding; Interrupted Level Wind (ILW); and Dual Axis Symmetric (DAS) winding. Furthermore, each of the multicore fiber gyro coil winding patterns can incorporate a multicore shuffle bridge. The multicore shuffle bridge is designed to provide multiple features, such as facilitating the rotation of mating cores.

A ring resonator electro-optical device includes a first silicon nitride waveguide and a second annular silicon waveguide that comprises a first section running under a second section of the first waveguide. The second waveguide also includes an annular silicon strip having a cross-section increasing in the first section from a minimum cross-section located under the second section.

Based on graphene heterostructure in chip-scale silicon nitride microresonators, optoelectronic control and modulation in frequency combs via group velocity dispersion modulation can be demonstrated. By tuning graphene Fermi level from 0.50 eV to 0.65 eV via electric-field gating, deterministic in-cavity group velocity dispersion control from anomalous (62 fs.sup.2/mm) to normal (+9 fs.sup.2/mm) can be achieved with Q factor remaining high at 10.sup.6. Consequently, both the primary comb lines and the full comb spectra can be controllable dynamically with the on/off switching of the Cherenkov radiation, the tuning of the primary comb lines from 2.3 THz to 7.2 THz, and the comb span control from zero comb lines to 781 phase-locked comb lines, directly via the DC voltage.

A fiber ring resonator having a relatively long loop of standard single-mode fiber with a short nanofiber segment. The evanescent mode of the nanofiber segment allows the cavity-enhanced field to interact with atoms in close proximity to the nanofiber surface.

An optical input/output chiplet is disposed on a first package substrate. The optical input/output chiplet includes one or more supply optical ports for receiving continuous wave light. The optical input/output chiplet includes one or more transmit optical ports through which modulated light is transmitted. The optical input/output chiplet includes one or more receive optical ports through which modulated light is received by the optical input/output chiplet. An optical power supply module is disposed on a second package substrate. The second package substrate is separate from the first package substrate. The optical power supply module includes one or more output optical ports through which continuous wave laser light is transmitted. A set of optical fibers optically connect the one or more output optical ports of the optical power supply module to the one or more supply optical ports of the optical input/output chiplet.

A photonic system includes a passive optical cavity and an optical waveguide. The passive optical cavity has a preferred radial mode for light propagation within the passive optical cavity. The preferred radial mode has a unique light propagation constant within the passive optical cavity. The optical waveguide is configured to extend past the passive optical cavity such that at least some light propagating through the optical waveguide will evanescently couple into the passive optical cavity. The passive optical cavity and the optical waveguide are collectively configured such that a light propagation constant of the optical waveguide substantially matches the unique light propagation constant of the preferred radial mode within the passive optical cavity.

A ring resonator device includes a passive optical cavity having a circuitous configuration into which is built a photodetector device. The photodetector device includes a first implant region formed within the passive optical cavity that includes a first type of implanted doping material. The photodetector device includes a second implant region formed within the passive optical cavity that includes a second type of implanted doping material, where the second type of implanted doping material is different than the first type of implanted doping material. The photodetector device includes an intrinsic absorption region present within the passive optical cavity between the first implant region and the second implant region. A first electrical contact is electrically connected to the first implant region and to a detecting circuit. A second electrical contact is electrically connected to the second implant region and to the detecting circuit.