An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive support. A top surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes fluorine-containing resin particles, a fluorine-containing dispersant, and two or more charge transporting materials. When the charge transporting materials are listed in order of decreasing HOMO energy levels, a difference in HOMO energy level between each adjacent two of the charge The ratio A of the amount of each of the charge transporting materials to the total amount of the charge transporting materials satisfies the condition 1 below,
[(100/N)−(100/N×0.3)]≤A≤[(100/N)+(100/N×0.3)]  Condition 1 where N represents the number of types of the charge transporting materials included in the top surface layer.

A photoconductor for electrophotography includes a base member; an anodic oxide coating provided on the base member and having a film thickness of 2 to 10 μm; an interlayer provided on the anodic oxide coating and containing a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin and having a film thickness of 0.02 to 0.3 μm; and a photosensitive layer including a charge transport layer formed on the interlayer and containing a charge transport material and a first resin binder, and a charge generation layer laminated on the charge transport layer and containing a charge generation material, a hole transport material, a first electron transport material that is a naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide compound, a second electron transport material that is an azoquinone compound, a diphenoquinone compound, or a stilbenequinone compound and that has a mobility of 17×10.sup.−8 cm.sup.2/V.Math.s or more, and a second resin binder.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including a photosensitive layer formed on an electroconductive substrate. The photosensitive layer includes a charge-generating material and an electron-transporting material, and the electron-transporting material includes first and second electron-transporting materials. A difference in lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy between the first electron-transporting material and the charge-generating material is in a range from 1.0 to 1.5 eV, and a difference in LUMO energy between the second electron-transporting material and the charge-generating material is in a range from 0.6 to 0.9 eV. A ratio of mass of the second electron-transporting material to a total of mass of the first electron-transporting material and the mass of the second electron-transporting material is in a range from 3 to 40%.

Provided are an electrophotographic photoconductor being resistant to abrasion even in long-term use, having highly sensitive electric characteristics, being capable of maintaining a high retention rate, and being capable of providing a stable image without filming, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electrophotographic device. The photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate (1), a charge generation layer (3), and a charge transport layer (4); the charge transport layer contains a hole transport material, a resin binder, an electron transport material, and an inorganic oxide; the charge generation layer contains a charge generation material; the masses of the hole transport material, the resin binder, the electron transport material, and the inorganic oxide in the charge transport layer respectively denoted by a to d satisfy 1.5≤b/a≤5.7, 0.005≤c/a≤0.35, 0.05≤d/a≤0.70, a≥c+d, and c/d≥0.01; the hole transport material contains a compound expressed by formula (A-1); and the charge generation material contains titanyl phthalocyanine having an exothermic peak at 251±5° C., a half-value width of the exothermic peak equal to or less than 15° C., and a heating value equal to or greater than 1.0 mJ/mg when a temperature rise condition is 20° C./min in differential scanning calorimetry, and having an X-ray diffraction peak at 27.2±0.3°.

##STR00001##

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer contains a cross-linked structure derived from a first hole transport material represented by the following general formula (1):

##STR00001##

Za is a polymerizable functional group with structural formula (2), (3), or (4), Zb is a divalent group with structural formula (5), (6), or (7), Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd each are one of a branched or unbranched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted styryl group, l is an integer of 0 or 1, m is an integer from 0 to 5, n, o, and p are each integer from 0 to 4, q is an integer from 1 to 3.

##STR00002##

There is provided an electrophotographic photoconductor in which at least an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer are laminated in an order mentioned on a conductive support, wherein at least one of the undercoat layer and the photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by a formula A below:

##STR00001## wherein Y in the above formula A is a group represented by:

##STR00002## wherein R1 and R2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m is an integer of 1 to 4, and X is each independently a group selected from a group 1 below:

##STR00003## wherein R3 to R8 in the above group 1 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor having sufficient solvent resistance and crack resistance in a liquid developer and having excellent electrical characteristics, a process for producing the photoreceptor, and an electrophotographic device are provided at low cost. The electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive base; and a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer sequentially provided on the conductive base. The charge transport layer contains a binder resin that is a copolycarbonate resin having a structure represented by general formula (1) below:

##STR00001##

and a hole transport material that is a compound having a structure represented by general formula (2) below:

##STR00002##

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer of a single layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a binder resin, a hole transport material, and an electron transport material. The binder resin includes a polyester resin and a polycarbonate resin. The polyester resin includes a first repeating unit represented by general formula (1) shown below and a second repeating unit represented by general formula (2) shown below. The polycarbonate resin includes a third repeating unit represented by general formula (3) shown below and a fourth repeating unit represented by general formula (24) shown below.

##STR00001##

A content percentage of the polyester resin in the photosensitive layer is at least 0.3% by mass and no greater than 7.0% by mass.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer of a single layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a binder resin, a hole transport material, and an electron transport material. The binder resin includes a polyester resin. The polyester resin includes a first repeating unit represented by general formula (1) shown below and a second repeating unit represented by general formula (2) shown below.

##STR00001##

A content percentage of the polyester resin in the photosensitive layer is at least 0.3% by mass and no greater than 7.0% by mass.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies wear resistance and electrical properties, further has high image deletion prevention properties under a high temperature and high humidity environment, and a small potential variation under a low temperature and low humidity environment is provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer containing a polymerization product of a hole transporting compound having a specific structure.