A display may have a pixel array such as a liquid crystal pixel array. The pixel array may be illuminated with backlight illumination from a direct-lit backlight unit. The backlight unit may include an array of light-emitting diodes on a printed circuit board. The backlight unit may include first, second, and third light spreading layers formed over the array of light-emitting diodes. A color conversion layer may be formed over the first, second, and third light spreading layers. First and second brightness enhancement films may be formed over the color conversion layer.

A display apparatus including a backlight module, first and second electrically-controlled elements, electrically-controlled first and second polarizers, a half-wave plate, and a display panel is provided. An included angle between first and second alignment directions of first and second alignment layers of the first electrically-controlled element is between 75 degrees and 105 degrees. An included angle between third and fourth alignment directions of third and fourth alignment layers of the second electrically-controlled element is between 165 degrees and 195 degrees. The half-wave plate is disposed between the second polarizer and the second electrically-controlled element. The display panel is disposed on the second electrically-controlled element. An included angle between an extending direction of prism structures of each of two optical brightness enhancement films of the backlight module and a viewing angle control direction of the display apparatus is less than 45 degrees. A method of driving the display apparatus is provided.

An optical substrate having a structured prismatic surface and an opposing structured lenticular surface. The structured lenticular surface includes shallow-curved lens structures. Adjacent shallow-curved lens structure may be continuous or contiguous, or separated by a constant or variable spacing. The lens structure may have a longitudinal structure with a uniform or varying cross section. The lenticular lenses may have a laterally meandering structure. Sections of adjacent straight or meandering lenticular lenses may intersect or partially or completely overlap each other. The lenticular lenses may be in the form of discontinuous lenticular segments. The lenticular segments may have regular, symmetrical shapes, or irregular, asymmetrical shapes, which may be intersecting or overlapping, and may be textured. The lens structure may be provided with isolated ripples, in the form of a single knot, or a series of knots.

A lighting device includes LEDs 17, and a light guide plate 19 including an edge surface and a pair of plate surfaces, a part of the edge surface being a light entrance surface 19B through which light from the LEDs 17 enters, and one of the plate surfaces being a light exit surface 19A through which the light exits and another one of the plate surfaces being an opposite plate surface 19C opposite from the light exit surface 19A. The light guide plate 19 includes prism portions 51 on the opposite plate surface 19C, projecting from the opposite plate surface 19C and arranged in the X-axis direction and configured to collect light toward in a normal direction of the light exit surface 19A, and an exit light reflection portion 60 provided in a recessed portion 52 that is formed by two adjacent prism portions 51 and configured to reflect light travelling within the light guide plate 19 and facilitate exiting of light from the light guide plate 19.

The backlight unit includes a light source unit, and a wavelength conversion member disposed on an optical path of light emitted from the light source unit. The light source unit includes a light source allocated to each of the areas, a control of the backlight brightness for each area is performed by controlling a light emission intensity of each light source allocated to each area independently of a light emission intensity of a light source allocated to a different area, and a light source allocated to at least one area includes a light source group including two or more kinds of light sources having different light emission maximum wavelengths, and a light emission intensity of at least one kind of light source included in the light source group is capable of being controlled independently of a light emission intensity of a different light source included in the light source group.

An optical film includes a substrate layer and a plurality of optical layers stacked on the substrate layer. The at least two optical layers have microstructures that complement to each other. The optical layer close to the substrate layer is the first optical layer, and the optical far from the substrate layer is the second optical layer. The refractive index of the first optical layer is smaller than the second optical layer, and the microstructure of the second optical layer has an acute angle. Because of the arrangement of the optical layers, the contrast of light intensity can be reduced, and the uniformity can be improved. The invention also provides a backlight module and a display device including the optical film.

A display device including a first light emitting unit, a second light emitting unit, a first optical layer and a second optical layer is disclosed. The first optical layer is disposed on at least one of the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit, and the first optical layer includes a collimating layer. The second optical layer is disposed on the first light emitting unit. The second optical layer is configured to scatter a first light emitted from the first light emitting unit but does not scatter a second light emitted from the second light emitting unit.

A polarizing light emitting plate includes a polarizing layer having a polarizing axis substantially parallel to a first direction, a quantum rod layer including quantum rods aligned in the first direction, and an attachment layer between the polarizing layer and the quantum rod layer and comprising an adhesive material.

A backlight module of a display device includes a carrier, a plurality of light-emitting diode chips and a first diffuser. The light-emitting diode chips are arranged on the carrier. The first diffuser is over the carrier and the light-emitting diode chips. The first diffuser includes a first substrate, a first prismatic structure and a plurality of first ink structures. The first substrate has an upper surface distal from the carrier. The first prismatic structure is at the upper surface of the first substrate. The first prismatic structure includes a first prismatic sub-structure and a second prismatic sub-structure, and the first prismatic sub-structure, the second prismatic sub-structure and the upper surface of the first substrate together define a gap. The first ink structures are in the gap and are in contact with the upper surface of the first substrate.

A display includes pixels arranged across a display area and a backlight unit (BLU) that directs light to the pixels. The BLU includes a light source that emits light and a planar waveguide that receives the light. The planar waveguide includes diffusion structures that direct light out of the waveguide and toward the pixels. A density of the diffusion structures at a first area (e.g., a periphery area) of the planar waveguide is higher than a density of the diffusion structures at a second area (e.g., a center area) of the planar waveguide. The second area is closer to the center of the planar waveguide than the first area. This results in an intensity of light emitted from the first area being higher than an intensity of light emitted from the second area. Thus, a user may observe an image with uniform brightness, even if the viewing angle is large.