An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer having a single-layer structure. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a polycarbonate resin, and a hole transport material. The electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by general formula (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5). The hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), or (27). A charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer is at least +6.5 C/g. A Vickers hardness of the photosensitive layer at 45 C. is at least 17.0 HV. ##STR00001## ##STR00002## ##STR00003##

A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer above a support in this order includes: forming a coating film for a protective layer by coating a coating liquid for the protective layer for forming the protective layer on the photosensitive layer and curing the coating film for the protective layer, in which the coating liquid for the protective layer contains a solvent, a compound represented by a general formula (1), a compound represented by a general formula (2), and a compound represented by a general formula (3) at a specific ratio. In addition, in an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer above a support in this order, the protective layer is obtained by curing a coating liquid for the protective layer.

A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electrically conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The method includes applying an application liquid for photosensitive layer formation containing a solvent, a binder resin, and a hole transport material directly or indirectly onto the electrically conductive substrate, and removing a portion of the solvent, to form the photosensitive layer. The solvent contains a first solvent that is an alcohol having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 3, and a second solvent other than the first solvent. The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin that is a polymerization product of monomers including a first monomer represented by general formula (1) and a second monomer represented by general formula (2),

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An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which can prevent an increase in potential even using a fluorine resin in a charge transport layer, and can achieve both electrical properties and abrasion resistance, and present invention relates to a lamination type electrophotographic photoreceptor, in which a charge transport layer of the lamination type electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a compound having an E_homo of 4.550 eV or more based on structure optimization calculation by density functional calculation B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and fluorine resin particles, and a content of the fluorine resin particles is 3% by weight to 20% by weight based on a total mass of the charge transport layer.

Provided is a photoconductor for electrophotography having high sensitivity, low residual potential, and good wear resistance and contamination resistance, and that is less likely to cause light-induced fatigue and filming, and also exhibits good potential stability before and after repeated printing, even without a surface protective layer formed on a photosensitive layer. Provided also are a process of producing the photoconductor and an electrophotographic apparatus. The photoconductor for electrophotography includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate and including a hole transport material having a structure represented by general formula (1) below; a binder resin having a repeating structure represented by general formula (2) below; and at least one electron transport material having a structure represented by general formulae (ET1) to (ET3) below:

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A photosensitive member (1) includes a conductive substrate (2) and a photosensitive layer (3). The photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer (3c). The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The hole transport material includes a triphenylamine derivative represented by general formula (HT). The electron transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (ET1), (ET2), (ET3), (ET4), or (ET5). The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin represented by general formula (1)

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Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including: a conductive substrate; a single-layer type photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate; an inorganic protective layer that is provided on the single-layer type photosensitive layer; wherein layers that are interposed between the conductive substrate and the inorganic protective layer have a total thickness of 10 m to 25 m.

Provided is a positively charged electrophotographic photoconductor, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electrophotographic apparatus using the same. The positively charged electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive support and a single layer-type photosensitive layer provided thereon including a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a mixed binder resin. Alternately, the positively charged electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive support; a charge transport layer provided on the electroconductive support and containing at least a hole transport material, and a binder resin; and a charge generation layer provided on the charge transport layer and including at least a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a mixed binder resin. In either embodiment, the mixed binder resin contains at least two resins including a polycarbonate-based resin selected to provide the mixed binder resin with a water vapor permeability ranging from 5 to 13 g/m.sup.2.Math.day.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member with suppressed potential variation even in the case that a protective layer including a cured material of a composition having a polymerizable functional group is used is provided. An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer containing a charge transporting material, and a protective layer, in the order presented, wherein the charge transport layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a structure selected from a group A and a structure selected from a group B, and the protective layer includes a cured material of a composition containing a compound having at least a functional group selected from chain-polymerizable functional groups and sequential polymerizable functional groups.

A polyarylate resin is represented by general formula (1) shown below. In general formula (1), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. r and s each represent an integer of at least 0 and no greater than 49. t and u each represent an integer of at least 1 and no greater than 50. r+s+t+u=100. r+t=s+u. r and t may be the same as or different from each other. s and u may be the same as or different from each other. X represents a divalent group represented by chemical formula (2A), (2B), (2C), or (2D). Y represents a divalent group represented by chemical formula (4A), c (4B), or (4C). X and Y are different from each other.

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