An ion-permeable membrane is substantially free of holes and has excellent ion permeability, heat resistance, strength, and flexibility, and can form a battery electrolyte membrane that uses the ion-permeable membrane, and an electrode composite. The polymer-ion-permeable membrane has a per-unit-thickness puncture strength of 0.3-3.0 N/μm and a membrane resistance of 3.0-100.0 Ω.Math.cm.sup.2 at 25° C.

The present disclosure provides a cathode material which has improved charge/discharge efficiency; and a battery using the same. The cathode material includes a cathode active material and a first solid electrolyte material; and the first solid electrolyte material contains Li, M and X; however, does not include sulfur. M represents at least one element that is selected from the group consisting of metalloid elements and metal elements other than Li. X represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br, and I. The cathode active material includes lithium iron phosphate.

A nickel hydroxide includes stacked nickel hydroxide layers. Each of the nickel hydroxide layers includes Ni.sup.2+ and OH.sup.−. At least one of the nickel hydroxide layers further includes a type of polyatomic anions. The polyatomic anions include a type of anions that are not SO.sub.4.sup.2− or CO.sub.3.sup.2−.

A nickel hydroxide includes stacked nickel hydroxide layers. Each of the nickel hydroxide layers includes Ni.sup.2+ and OH.sup.−. At least one of the nickel hydroxide layers further includes a type of polyatomic anions. The polyatomic anions include a type of anions that are not SO.sub.4.sup.2− or CO.sub.3.sup.2−.

Relating to a sulfide-based solid electrolyte compound for lithium ion batteries which has a cubic argyrodite-type crystal structure, to provide a compound which can suppress a generation amount of hydrogen sulfide when being left to stand in the air and which can maintain high conductivity even when being left to stand in dry air. Proposed is a sulfide-based solid electrolyte compound for lithium ion batteries containing a crystal phase of the cubic argyrodite-type crystal structure and represented by a composition formula (1): Li.sub.7-x+yPS.sub.6-xCl.sub.x+y, wherein x and y in the composition formula (1) satisfy 0.05≦y≦0.9 and −3.0x+1.8≦y≦−3.0x+5.7.

A solid electrolyte composition includes an inorganic solid electrolyte having a conductivity of ions of metals belonging to Group I or II and a compound represented by General Formula (1). In General Formula (1), R.sup.1 represents an m+n-valent linking group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent single bonds or divalent linking groups, A.sup.1 represents a monovalent group including one or more groups selected from an acidic group, a group having a basic nitrogen atom, a (meth)acryloyl group, a (meth)acrylamide group, an alkoxysilyl group, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, a NCO group, a SN group, a SH group, and a OH group, P.sup.1 represents a group having a hydrocarbon group having 8 or more carbon atoms, m represents 1 to 8, n represents 1 to 9, and m+n satisfies 3 to 10.

(A.sup.1-R.sup.2R.sup.1R.sup.3-P.sup.1).sub.m   (1)

A solid electrolyte composition includes an inorganic solid electrolyte having a conductivity of ions of metals belonging to Group I or II and a compound represented by General Formula (1). In General Formula (1), R.sup.1 represents an m+n-valent linking group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent single bonds or divalent linking groups, A.sup.1 represents a monovalent group including one or more groups selected from an acidic group, a group having a basic nitrogen atom, a (meth)acryloyl group, a (meth)acrylamide group, an alkoxysilyl group, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, a NCO group, a SN group, a SH group, and a OH group, P.sup.1 represents a group having a hydrocarbon group having 8 or more carbon atoms, m represents 1 to 8, n represents 1 to 9, and m+n satisfies 3 to 10.

(A.sup.1-R.sup.2R.sup.1R.sup.3-P.sup.1).sub.m   (1)

Materials containing picocrystalline quantum dots that form artificial atoms are disclosed. The picocrystalline quantum dots (in the form of born icosahedra with a nearly-symmetrical nuclear configuration) can replace corner silicon atoms in a structure that demonstrates both short range and long-range order as determined by x-ray diffraction of actual samples. A novel class of boron-rich compositions that self-assemble from boron, silicon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen is also disclosed. The preferred stoichiometric range for the compositions is (B.sub.12H.sub.w).sub.xSi.sub.yO.sub.z with 3≤w≤5, 2≤x≤4, 2≤y≤5 and 0≤z≤3. By varying oxygen content and the presence or absence of a significant impurity such as gold, unique electrical devices can be constructed that improve upon and are compatible with current semiconductor technology.

Provided is a method of producing a solid electrolyte having high ionic conductivity using a liquid phase method, including a first step of mixing two or more compounds satisfying (1) and a complexing agent 1 satisfying (2), and a second step of further mixing in a complexing agent 2 satisfying (3) after the first step. (1) A compound containing one or more selected from a group consisting of a lithium element, a sulfur element, a phosphorus element and a halogen element. (2) A complexing agent capable of forming a complex containing Li.sub.3PS.sub.4 and a halogen element. (3) A complexing agent other than the complexing agent 1, capable of forming a complex containing Li.sub.3PS.sub.4.

A nickel-based active material precursor includes a particulate structure including a core portion, an intermediate layer portion on the core portion, and a shell portion on the intermediate layer portion, wherein the intermediate layer portion and the shell portion include primary particles radially arranged on the core portion, and each of the core portion and the intermediate layer portion includes a cation or anion different from that of the shell portion. The cation includes at least one selected from boron (B), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zirconium (Zr), and aluminium (Al), and the anion includes at least one selected from phosphate (PO.sub.4), BO.sub.2, B.sub.4O.sub.7, B.sub.3O.sub.5, and F.