The invention relates to novel block copolymers that enable a good dispersion of nanofillers in water and also to a dispersion of nanofillers obtained owing to these block copolymers. This dispersion may be used as a transparent electrode in organic solar cells or other photoemitter or photoreceptor devices.

The invention relates to novel block copolymers that enable a good dispersion of nanofillers in water and also to a dispersion of nanofillers obtained owing to these block copolymers. This dispersion may be used as a transparent electrode in organic solar cells or other photoemitter or photoreceptor devices.

An object of the present invention is to provide a thick film resistor excluding a toxic lead component from a conductive component and glass and having characteristics equivalent to or superior to conventional resistors in terms of, in a wide resistance range, resistance values, TCR characteristics, current noise characteristics, withstand voltage characteristics and the like. The present invention is a thick film resistor formed of a fired product of a resistive composition, wherein the thick film resistor contains ruthenium-based conductive particles containing ruthenium dioxide and a glass component being essentially free of a lead component and has a resistance value in the range of 100 / to 10 M/ and a temperature coefficient of resistance within 100 ppm/ C.

Provided is a composite member including an inorganic matrix part that is made from an inorganic substance including a metal oxide hydroxide; and an electrically conductive material part that is present in a dispersed state inside the inorganic matrix part and has electric conductivity. In the composite member, a porosity in a cross section of the inorganic matrix part is 20% or less.

Provided is a composite member including an inorganic matrix part that is made from an inorganic substance including a metal oxide hydroxide; and an electrically conductive material part that is present in a dispersed state inside the inorganic matrix part and has electric conductivity. In the composite member, a porosity in a cross section of the inorganic matrix part is 20% or less.

A paste that includes particles of a layered material in an ammonia aqueous solution. The particles include one or plural layers, the layers having a layer body represented by M.sub.mX.sub.n, wherein M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, n is not less than 1 and not more than 4, and m is more than n but not more than 5, and a modifier or terminal T exists on a surface of the layer body, wherein T is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom, wherein the paste has a viscosity of 1 Pa.Math.s or more at a shear velocity of 1/s when the paste has a solid content concentration of 1.0% by mass.

An electrically conductive structure includes: a holding member that is an annular member with electrical conductivity around an axis x; and an electrically conductive member that is an annular member around the axis. The electrically conductive member has at least one gap formed to extend in a radial direction and includes at least one electrical conductor with electrical conductivity extending around the axis x. The electrically conductive member is held by the holding member. The electrical conductor has a pair of ends in a direction around the axis x. The gap is continuous with the ends of the electrical conductor.

An electrically conductive structure includes: a holding member that is an annular member with electrical conductivity around an axis x; and an electrically conductive member that is an annular member around the axis. The electrically conductive member has at least one gap formed to extend in a radial direction and includes at least one electrical conductor with electrical conductivity extending around the axis x. The electrically conductive member is held by the holding member. The electrical conductor has a pair of ends in a direction around the axis x. The gap is continuous with the ends of the electrical conductor.

In a method for forming a conductive thin wire on a base material by an inkjet method using a conductive ink containing at least a main solvent having a boiling point equal to or lower than the boiling point of water, a solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water, and a conductive material, the base material has surface energy of less than 40 mN/m, and conditions of 30170, 0240, and 2<1 are satisfied when a forward contact angle of the conductive ink to the base material is represented by 1, and a backward contact angle of the conductive ink to the base material is represented by 2.

In a method for forming a conductive thin wire on a base material by an inkjet method using a conductive ink containing at least a main solvent having a boiling point equal to or lower than the boiling point of water, a solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water, and a conductive material, the base material has surface energy of less than 40 mN/m, and conditions of 30170, 0240, and 2<1 are satisfied when a forward contact angle of the conductive ink to the base material is represented by 1, and a backward contact angle of the conductive ink to the base material is represented by 2.