A busbar for use in mechanically and electrically connecting components in a device or system. The busbar includes a plurality of conductors arranged to provide two opposed end portions and an intermediate portion, wherein each of the conductors has a plurality of intermediate extents that traverse the intermediate portion. The intermediate portion including: (A) an unfused segment where no intermediate extents of the conductors are fused together to form a single consolidated conductor, and (B) a fused segment that includes (i) a partial solidification zone where a majority of the intermediate extents of the conductors are fused together to form a partially solidified region that provides a single consolidated conductor, (ii) a full solidification zone where all of intermediate extents of the conductors are fused together to form a fully solidified region that provides a single consolidated conductor, and (iii) an unsolidified region where all of the intermediate extents of the conductors are not fused together.

A pin terminal includes a bar-like base material and a plating layer covering a predetermined region of the base material. A constituent material of the base material is pure copper or a copper alloy. The plating layer includes a tin-based layer made of metal containing tin. One end side of the base material includes a tip covering portion. The tin-based layer includes the tip covering portion. The tip covering portion covers an entire region in a circumferential direction on the one end side of the base material. A difference (t.sub.1−t.sub.2) between a maximum value t.sub.1 and a minimum value t.sub.2 of a thickness of the tip covering portion measured at a measurement location set at a spot of 1 mm from one end of the pin terminal along a longitudinal direction of the pin terminal is 0.20 μm or more.

A pin terminal includes a bar-like base material and a plating layer covering a predetermined region of the base material. A constituent material of the base material is pure copper or a copper alloy. The plating layer includes a tin-based layer made of metal containing tin. One end side of the base material includes a tip covering portion. The tin-based layer includes the tip covering portion. The tip covering portion covers an entire region in a circumferential direction on the one end side of the base material. A difference (t.sub.1−t.sub.2) between a maximum value t.sub.1 and a minimum value t.sub.2 of a thickness of the tip covering portion measured at a measurement location set at a spot of 1 mm from one end of the pin terminal along a longitudinal direction of the pin terminal is 0.20 μm or more.

A cable with a non-circular ground wire is provided, including two wires, two ground wires, and an insulating tape; wherein the inner sides of the wires are in contact with each other; the ground wires are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the wires; each ground wire at least includes a first side surface, a second side surface, and a third side surface; the first and second side surfaces respectively contact the outer surfaces of the two wires, and the shapes of the first side surface and the second side surface respectively correspond to the shapes of the outer surfaces of the two wires; the insulating tape covers the outer surfaces of the wires and the third side surfaces of the ground wires. Thereby, the mechanical properties of the cable of the present invention, such as small impedance variation of high-frequency signal transmission, transmission stability, structural flexibility and bending, can be significantly improved.

A copper-coated steel wire includes a core wire made of a steel and a coating layer that covers the outer peripheral surface of the core wire and is made of copper or a copper alloy. In a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the core wire, the ten-point average roughness Rzjis of the outer peripheral surface of the core wire is 50% or more and 250% or less of the thickness of the coating layer.

A conductive composite structure having a metal substrate and a conductive film on a surface of the metal substrate, the conductive film including a layered material of one or plural layers; the one or plural layers being a layer body represented by M.sub.mX.sub.n, where M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7; X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof; n is not less than 1 and not more than 4; and m is more than n but not more than 5, and a modifier or terminal T exists on a surface of the layer body; and a residue derived from an organic compound having a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, or a combination thereof and having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, is bonded to each of the surface of the metal substrate and a surface of the layer body.

An aluminum base wire includes a core wire composed of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy; a plurality of coating pieces provided so as to be scattered on an outer periphery of the core wire; and a coating layer provided on the outer periphery of the core wire and an outer periphery of each of the plurality of coating pieces. The coating layer includes a first layer that is provided continuously on the outer periphery of the core wire between adjacent coating pieces and the outer periphery of each of the plurality of coating pieces, and a second layer provided on an outer periphery of the first layer. The plurality of coating pieces are each composed of copper or a copper alloy, the first layer is composed of metals that include copper and tin, and the second layer is composed of tin or a tin alloy.

An aluminum base wire includes a core wire composed of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy; a plurality of coating pieces provided so as to be scattered on an outer periphery of the core wire; and a coating layer provided on the outer periphery of the core wire and an outer periphery of each of the plurality of coating pieces. The coating layer includes a first layer that is provided continuously on the outer periphery of the core wire between adjacent coating pieces and the outer periphery of each of the plurality of coating pieces, and a second layer provided on an outer periphery of the first layer. The plurality of coating pieces are each composed of copper or a copper alloy, the first layer is composed of metals that include copper and tin, and the second layer is composed of tin or a tin alloy.

“SINUSOIDAL TUBULAR CONDUCTING BUSBAR” refers to an electric conductor busbar, more specifically a conductor busbar, with a sinusoidal tubular shape, applied to electric cabinets to control and switchgear assemblies for low and high voltage and prefabricated power lines. The busbar has an initial crimping tab connecting to a first sinusoid, which in turn connects to a junction tab, which in turn connects to a second sinusoid, so that said first sinusoid and second sinusoid form a tubular region between them, wherein there is no contact between said first sinusoid and second sinusoid. Said second sinusoid is connected to a final crimping or even a second junction tab, which is connected to a third sinusoid, with the said third sinusoid being connected to a final crimping tab.

“SINUSOIDAL TUBULAR CONDUCTING BUSBAR” refers to an electric conductor busbar, more specifically a conductor busbar, with a sinusoidal tubular shape, applied to electric cabinets to control and switchgear assemblies for low and high voltage and prefabricated power lines. The busbar has an initial crimping tab connecting to a first sinusoid, which in turn connects to a junction tab, which in turn connects to a second sinusoid, so that said first sinusoid and second sinusoid form a tubular region between them, wherein there is no contact between said first sinusoid and second sinusoid. Said second sinusoid is connected to a final crimping or even a second junction tab, which is connected to a third sinusoid, with the said third sinusoid being connected to a final crimping tab.