Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy with a superconducting current carrier, in which the superconducting current carrier to be cooled is accommodated in a first cooling channel, which first cooling channel is connected by way of a coolant feed line to a supply device for a first cooling medium and is surrounded by at least one second cooling channel, for conducting through a second cooling medium, which is flow-connected to a coolant-discharge line for heated second cooling medium, wherein a supercooled, liquefied gas is used as the first cooling medium, is characterized according to the invention in that a liquefied gas is used as the second cooling medium and the second cooling channel is equipped with means for removing a gas phase occurring due to evaporation of the second cooling medium.

Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy with a superconducting current carrier, in which the superconducting current carrier to be cooled is accommodated in a first cooling channel, which first cooling channel is connected by way of a coolant feed line to a supply device for a first cooling medium and is surrounded by at least one second cooling channel, for conducting through a second cooling medium, which is flow-connected to a coolant-discharge line for heated second cooling medium, wherein a supercooled, liquefied gas is used as the first cooling medium, is characterized according to the invention in that a liquefied gas is used as the second cooling medium and the second cooling channel is equipped with means for removing a gas phase occurring due to evaporation of the second cooling medium.

A method comprises disposing one or more continuous fibers, wherein the one or more continuous fibers are at least partially embedded in high temperature superconducting component powders. The fiber of the one or more continuous fibers comprises a curved fiber that comprises a hoop or a spiral. The method further comprises heating the high temperature superconducting component powders and the one or more continuous fibers and cooling the high temperature superconducting component powders and the one or more continuous fibers. The cooling generates a high temperature superconducting material.

A method comprises disposing one or more continuous fibers, wherein the one or more continuous fibers are at least partially embedded in high temperature superconducting component powders. The fiber of the one or more continuous fibers comprises a curved fiber that comprises a hoop or a spiral. The method further comprises heating the high temperature superconducting component powders and the one or more continuous fibers and cooling the high temperature superconducting component powders and the one or more continuous fibers. The cooling generates a high temperature superconducting material.

Power transmission systems with cooling mechanisms, and methods of operating the same, are described. A power transmission system can include multiple support tower assemblies. Each of the support tower assemblies includes a support tower. One or more of the support tower assemblies includes a termination (i.e., a connection point via which electrical current and/or coolant can enter the transmission line and/or exit the transmission line). The power transmission system also includes multiple conductor assemblies suspended above a surface of the earth. Each conductor assembly includes an electrical conductor and is positioned between, and mechanically supported by, a pair of the support towers. The power transmission system also includes a coolant supply system that delivers a coolant fluid, during operation of the power transmission system, to at least one of the terminations, for cooling of the conductor assemblies.

Power transmission systems with cooling mechanisms, and methods of operating the same, are described. A power transmission system can include multiple support tower assemblies. Each of the support tower assemblies includes a support tower. One or more of the support tower assemblies includes a termination (i.e., a connection point via which electrical current and/or coolant can enter the transmission line and/or exit the transmission line). The power transmission system also includes multiple conductor assemblies suspended above a surface of the earth. Each conductor assembly includes an electrical conductor and is positioned between, and mechanically supported by, a pair of the support towers. The power transmission system also includes a coolant supply system that delivers a coolant fluid, during operation of the power transmission system, to at least one of the terminations, for cooling of the conductor assemblies.

A conductor assembly for transmitting power includes a former that defines a shape, a superconductor material disposed around the former, and a thermally insulating jacket (TIJ) disposed around and spaced apart from the superconductor material. An outer surface of the superconductor material and an inner surface of the TIJ can define an annulus through which a coolant can flow. The conductor assembly can also include an external layer, disposed around an outside surface of the TIJ, to provide structural support to the conductor assembly. The conductor assembly can also include an electrical insulation layer disposed around the outside surface of the TIJ or around the superconductor material.

A conductor assembly for transmitting power includes a former that defines a shape, a superconductor material disposed around the former, and a thermally insulating jacket (TIJ) disposed around and spaced apart from the superconductor material. An outer surface of the superconductor material and an inner surface of the TIJ can define an annulus through which a coolant can flow. The conductor assembly can also include an external layer, disposed around an outside surface of the TIJ, to provide structural support to the conductor assembly. The conductor assembly can also include an electrical insulation layer disposed around the outside surface of the TIJ or around the superconductor material.

When temperature raising is performed, temperature of a superconducting cable is uniformly raised over an entirety of the superconducting cable. The superconducting cable assumes a linear shape when cooled, and deforms into a helical shape when temperature raising is performed. In a former having a twisted wire structure, twisting directions of an outermost layer and a layer next to the outer most layer are set to be the same, enabling stabilization of the helical deformation of the superconducting cable including the former when the temperature raising is performed.

When temperature raising is performed, temperature of a superconducting cable is uniformly raised over an entirety of the superconducting cable. The superconducting cable assumes a linear shape when cooled, and deforms into a helical shape when temperature raising is performed. In a former having a twisted wire structure, twisting directions of an outermost layer and a layer next to the outer most layer are set to be the same, enabling stabilization of the helical deformation of the superconducting cable including the former when the temperature raising is performed.