A PPTC assembly may include a PPTC component, having a trip temperature, and further comprising a first temperature coefficient of resistance, in a low temperature range below the trip temperature. The PPTC assembly may include a resistive component, disposed in electrical contact with the PPTC component on a first side of the PPTC component, the resistive component comprising an electrical conductor, and having a second temperature coefficient of resistance in the low temperature range, less than the first temperature coefficient of resistance. The PPTC component may include a first electrode, electrically coupled to the first side of the PPTC component, and a second electrode, electrically coupled to the second side of the PPTC component, where the PPTC component and the resistive component are arranged in electrical series between the first electrode and the second electrode.

A ceramic member comprising a compound oxide of La, E and Mn, wherein AE is (i) Ca, or (ii) contains Ca and at least one of Sr and Ba with a total amount of Sr and Ba to a total of Ca, Sr and Ba of not more than 5 mol %, and a crystal system in a surface of the ceramic member is a monoclinic system.

A ceramic member comprising a compound oxide of La, E and Mn, wherein AE is (i) Ca, or (ii) contains Ca and at least one of Sr and Ba with a total amount of Sr and Ba to a total of Ca, Sr and Ba of not more than 5 mol %, and a crystal system in a surface of the ceramic member is a monoclinic system.

In one embodiment, an apparatus is attached to a feature to be deployed on a satellite. The apparatus includes a first material having an impedance, a second material coupled to the first material configured to provide a current or voltage to the first material causing the first material to generate heat based on the impedance after a launch process of a launch vehicle carrying the satellite has completed, and a third material configured to change state at a transition temperature. A release mechanism is coupled to the third material and holds the feature in an undeployed position on the satellite. The heat generated by the second material causes the third material to change state when the transition temperature range is reached and the release mechanism is released from the third material when the third material is in the second state to deploy the feature.

In one embodiment, an apparatus is attached to a feature to be deployed on a satellite. The apparatus includes a first material having an impedance, a second material coupled to the first material configured to provide a current or voltage to the first material causing the first material to generate heat based on the impedance after a launch process of a launch vehicle carrying the satellite has completed, and a third material configured to change state at a transition temperature. A release mechanism is coupled to the third material and holds the feature in an undeployed position on the satellite. The heat generated by the second material causes the third material to change state when the transition temperature range is reached and the release mechanism is released from the third material when the third material is in the second state to deploy the feature.

An apparatus comprising: a connector configured to be electrically and mechanically connectable to an electrical terminal, wherein the connector comprises a resistive material. The connector comprises respective first and second electrical contacts, wherein the resistive material is configured to provide a direct current connection for the flow of electric current between the first and second electrical contacts.

An apparatus comprising: a connector configured to be electrically and mechanically connectable to an electrical terminal, wherein the connector comprises a resistive material. The connector comprises respective first and second electrical contacts, wherein the resistive material is configured to provide a direct current connection for the flow of electric current between the first and second electrical contacts.

An over-current protection device is a hexahedron comprising an upper surface, a lower surface and four lateral surfaces. The over-current protection device comprises a PTC device, a first insulating layer, a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer. The PTC device comprises a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer and a PTC material layer laminated therebetween. The first conductive layer comprises a first conductive section and a second conductive section separated by at least one trench. The first insulating layer is disposed on the first conductive layer. The first electrode layer is disposed on the first insulating layer and electrically coupled to the first conductive section. The second electrode layer is disposed on the first insulating layer and electrically coupled to the second conductive section. The trench comprises a primary portion not parallel to a longitudinal direction of the first and second electrode layers.

An over-current protection device is a hexahedron comprising an upper surface, a lower surface and four lateral surfaces. The over-current protection device comprises a PTC device, a first insulating layer, a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer. The PTC device comprises a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer and a PTC material layer laminated therebetween. The first conductive layer comprises a first conductive section and a second conductive section separated by at least one trench. The first insulating layer is disposed on the first conductive layer. The first electrode layer is disposed on the first insulating layer and electrically coupled to the first conductive section. The second electrode layer is disposed on the first insulating layer and electrically coupled to the second conductive section. The trench comprises a primary portion not parallel to a longitudinal direction of the first and second electrode layers.

A ceramic member comprising a compound oxide of La, E and Mn, wherein AE is (i) Ca, or (ii) contains Ca and at least one of Sr and Ba with a total amount of Sr and Ba to a total of Ca, Sr and Ba of not more than 5 mol %, and a crystal system in a surface of the ceramic member is a monoclinic system.