An object of the present invention to provide a resistor element which can be mounted at a higher density and can cope with a wide range of resistance values, the present invention provides a resistor element including a resistor which mainly contains metal fibers, electrodes which are formed at an end portion of the resistor, and an insulating layer which is in contact with the resistor and the electrodes.

A resistance module for increasing a runup torque for a rotor of an electric machine with a rotor winding includes first and second connection points, a plurality of electrically-conductive layers electrically connected to the first and second connection points. Each of the layers surrounds an axis of the resistance module at least partially in a circumferential direction and has a layer start point and a layer end point. At least one of the layers is configured in an undulating shape in the circumferential direction, with undulations projecting radially outwards. A first insulating layer is disposed between neighboring ones of the layers. The layer end point of one of the layers is electrically connected at a tie point to the layer start point of a neighboring one of the layers. At least one fastening element is disposed between two neighboring undulations in the circumferential direction and radially outside of the layers.

A resistance module for increasing a runup torque for a rotor of an electric machine with a rotor winding includes first and second connection points, a plurality of electrically-conductive layers electrically connected to the first and second connection points. Each of the layers surrounds an axis of the resistance module at least partially in a circumferential direction and has a layer start point and a layer end point. At least one of the layers is configured in an undulating shape in the circumferential direction, with undulations projecting radially outwards. A first insulating layer is disposed between neighboring ones of the layers. The layer end point of one of the layers is electrically connected at a tie point to the layer start point of a neighboring one of the layers. At least one fastening element is disposed between two neighboring undulations in the circumferential direction and radially outside of the layers.

A method of forming a serpentine resistor includes: setting a total length of a schematic resistor to make the schematic resistor to have a first resistance according to a sheet resistance; forming, by using a processor, a serpentine layer corresponding to the schematic resistor, forming, by using the processor, a dummy layer over a portion of the serpentine layer to form a modified serpentine layer, measuring, by using the processor, a modified length of the modified serpentine layer, and comparing, by using the processor, the total length and the modified length to generate a comparison result.

A method of forming a serpentine resistor includes: setting a total length of a schematic resistor to make the schematic resistor to have a first resistance according to a sheet resistance; forming, by using a processor, a serpentine layer corresponding to the schematic resistor, forming, by using the processor, a dummy layer over a portion of the serpentine layer to form a modified serpentine layer, measuring, by using the processor, a modified length of the modified serpentine layer, and comparing, by using the processor, the total length and the modified length to generate a comparison result.

A method of forming a serpentine resistor includes: setting a total length of a schematic resistor to make the schematic resistor to have a first resistance according to a sheet resistance; forming, by using a processor, a serpentine layer corresponding to the schematic resistor, forming, by using the processor, a dummy layer over a portion of the serpentine layer to form a modified serpentine layer, measuring, by using the processor, a modified length of the modified serpentine layer, and comparing, by using the processor, the total length and the modified length to generate a comparison result.

A method of forming a serpentine resistor includes: setting a total length of a schematic resistor to make the schematic resistor to have a first resistance according to a sheet resistance; forming, by using a processor, a serpentine layer corresponding to the schematic resistor, forming, by using the processor, a dummy layer over a portion of the serpentine layer to form a modified serpentine layer, measuring, by using the processor, a modified length of the modified serpentine layer, and comparing, by using the processor, the total length and the modified length to generate a comparison result.

Provided is a temperature sensor which can enhance strength more easily. The temperature sensor comprises a resin film and a titanium metal foil laminated on the resin film. The titanium metal foil constitutes a conductive pattern. In an example, the titanium metal foil is subjected to a surface modification on a surface facing the resin film. In an example, a thickness of the titanium metal foil is within a range of 3-10 ?m. In an example, the resin film contains a thermoplastic resin, and a thickness of the resin film is within a range of 20-80 ?m.

Provided is a temperature sensor which can enhance strength more easily. The temperature sensor comprises a resin film and a titanium metal foil laminated on the resin film. The titanium metal foil constitutes a conductive pattern. In an example, the titanium metal foil is subjected to a surface modification on a surface facing the resin film. In an example, a thickness of the titanium metal foil is within a range of 3-10 ?m. In an example, the resin film contains a thermoplastic resin, and a thickness of the resin film is within a range of 20-80 ?m.

An object is to provide a chip resistor capable of coping with high power. A chip resistor of the present disclosure includes insulating substrate, a pair of electrodes, and resistance member. A pair of electrodes are provided at both ends of the upper face of insulating substrate. Resistance member is provided on insulating substrate and connected to the pair of electrodes. Insulating substrate has first region in the center thereof and second regions at both ends of first region. Recess is provided in first region of insulating substrate. Resistance member formed in first region has a meandering shape in a top view. At least a part of resistance member is embedded in recess. Trimming groove is provided in resistance member formed in second region.