The present disclosure relates to a hybrid nanoparticle comprising: (a) a metallic core or a metal oxide core, and (b) at least one dendron attached to the surface of the metallic core or metal oxide core, wherein the at least one dendron is derived from a compound complying with formula (I) or (II), which is described herein, as well as films containing such hybrid nanoparticles. Also described are compounds complying with formula (I) or (II) and their use in forming the hybrid nanoparticles of the present disclosure.

The perovskite solar cell (PSC) includes a first layer containing a conducting material coated glass plate as a substrate, a second layer containing copper doped nickel oxide, a third layer containing a perovskite, a fourth layer containing nitrogen (N)-doped graphene quantum dots, a fifth layer containing phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester and a top layer including conductive layer. A method for producing the perovskite solar cell is also discussed.

The present invention relates to the formation of a stable dianionic -dimer-[TCNE].sub.2.sup.2 (TCNE-tetracyanoethylene) at ambient conditions that exhibits unusually intense white emission over the entire visible spectral range (400-800 nm) and has application in designing white light emitting devices. Particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable dimer in an organic solvent upon aging at room temperature, in the presence of anions such as Br, Cl, SCN, which reduces the TCNE to a TCNE anion radical (TCNE..sup.) which subsequently dimerizes to form the stable dianionic dimer upon aging. More particularly, the dimer formed in this invention opens a new class of materials to design white light emitting devices having high intensity over the entire visible spectral range. The dimer also forms electron transfer salts used to develop new molecule-based metals, superconductors, and magnets.

A substrate for an integrated circuit package, the substrate comprising a dielectric, at least one conductor plane within the dielectric, and a planar magnetic structure comprising an organic magnetic laminate embedded within the dielectric, wherein the planar magnetic structure is integrated within the at least one conductor plane.

A substrate for an integrated circuit package, the substrate comprising a dielectric, at least one conductor plane within the dielectric, and a planar magnetic structure comprising an organic magnetic laminate embedded within the dielectric, wherein the planar magnetic structure is integrated within the at least one conductor plane.

A composite magnetic matrix comprising a porous metal-organic framework (MOF) and a plurality of molecular magnets, where a plurality of pores of the MOF each comprise one of the plurality of molecular magnets, and where the each of the plurality of molecular magnets retains its magnetic properties in the matrix. The molecular magnet may be, for example, a single-molecule magnet or a single-chain magnet. For example, the composite magnetic matrix Mn.sub.12Ac@MOF comprises Mn.sub.12O.sub.12(O.sub.2CCH.sub.3).sub.16(OH.sub.2).sub.4 (Mn.sub.12Ac) as the single-molecule magnet and [Al(OH)(SDC)].sub.n (H.sub.2SDC=4,4-stilbenedicarboxylic acid) (CYCU-3) as the porous metal-organic framework.

A composite magnetic matrix comprising a porous metal-organic framework (MOF) and a plurality of molecular magnets, where a plurality of pores of the MOF each comprise one of the plurality of molecular magnets, and where the each of the plurality of molecular magnets retains its magnetic properties in the matrix. The molecular magnet may be, for example, a single-molecule magnet or a single-chain magnet. For example, the composite magnetic matrix Mn.sub.12Ac@MOF comprises Mn.sub.12O.sub.12(O.sub.2CCH.sub.3).sub.16(OH.sub.2).sub.4 (Mn.sub.12Ac) as the single-molecule magnet and [Al(OH)(SDC)].sub.n (H.sub.2SDC=4,4-stilbenedicarboxylic acid) (CYCU-3) as the porous metal-organic framework.

The magnetic polymer nanocomposite for removal of divalent heavy metal ions from water is magnetic nanocomposite having a core of magnetite (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4) in a shell of branched polyhydroxystyrene (BHPS), designated as Fe.sub.3O.sub.4@BHPS. The nanocomposite is synthesized by co-precipitation in alkali solution. Testing showed the nanocomposite reached 93% and 80% Pb(II) and Cd(II) adsorption, respectively, in 30 minutes, attaining equilibrium in 120 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cd(II) at 298K were 186.2 and 125 mg/g, respectively. After adsorption, the nanocomposite with the heavy metal(s) adsorbed thereto was easily removed from aqueous solution by application of a magnetic field.

The magnetic polymer nanocomposite for removal of divalent heavy metal ions from water is magnetic nanocomposite having a core of magnetite (Fe.sub.3O.sub.4) in a shell of branched polyhydroxystyrene (BHPS), designated as Fe.sub.3O.sub.4@BHPS. The nanocomposite is synthesized by co-precipitation in alkali solution. Testing showed the nanocomposite reached 93% and 80% Pb(II) and Cd(II) adsorption, respectively, in 30 minutes, attaining equilibrium in 120 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cd(II) at 298K were 186.2 and 125 mg/g, respectively. After adsorption, the nanocomposite with the heavy metal(s) adsorbed thereto was easily removed from aqueous solution by application of a magnetic field.

A patterned magnetic graphene made from the steps of transferring or growing a graphene film on a substrate, functionalizing the graphene film, hydrogenating the graphene film and forming fully hydrogenated graphene, manipulating the extent of the hydrogen content by using an electron beam from a scanning electron microscope to selectively remove hydrogen, wherein the step of selectively removing hydrogen occurs under a vacuum, and forming areas of magnetic graphene and non-magnetic graphene. A ferromagnetic graphene film comprising film that has a thickness of less than two atom layers thick.