Described is an integrated device for solar-driven water splitting. The integrated device includes cobalt phosphide (CoP) electrodes, series-connected perovskite solar cells (PSCs) encapsulated in a polymer, and a metal film connecting the CoP electrodes with the series-connected PSCs. Also described is a method for forming an integrated device for solar-driven water splitting.

Provided herein is a method for forming a capacitor and an improved capacitor formed by the method. The method comprises providing an anode with an anode lead extending therefrom. A dielectric is formed on the anode thereby forming an anodized anode. A cathode layer is formed over the dielectric wherein the cathode layer is formed by applying a conductive polymer solution or dispersion and applying a primer solution or dispersion comprising a monophosphonium or monosulfonium cation.

According to one embodiment, provided is a method of manufacturing a composite electrode including a substrate having a belt shape and an insulating fiber film disposed on the substrate. The method includes applying a primer solution onto the substrate, and ejecting an electrified material liquid in a direction parallel to principal surfaces of the substrate intersecting with side surfaces of the substrate to deposit the electrified material liquid onto the substrate to form the insulating fiber film on the principal surfaces of the substrate.

A cathode foil for electrolytic capacitors includes a metal porous part, a metal core part that is continuous with the metal porous part, and a coating film covering the metal porous part. Pores in the metal porous part are open at a first main surface of the cathode foil. The coating film is disposed in a region from the first main surface to a depth more than or equal to 10% of a thickness of the metal porous part in a thickness direction of the metal porous part.

An electrolytic capacitor that includes a resin molded body having opposed first and second end surfaces, the body including a stack that includes a capacitor element with an anode exposed at the first end surface, a dielectric layer on a surface of the anode, and a cathode opposite to the anode and exposed at the second end surface, and a sealing resin that encloses the stack; a first external electrode on the first end surface of the resin molded body and electrically connected to the anode; and a second external electrode on a second end surface of the resin molded body and electrically connected to the cathode, wherein the first external electrode and the second external electrode each include a resin electrode layer containing a conductive component and a resin component.

A wet electrolytic capacitor containing a cathode, fluidic working electrolyte, and planar anode formed from an anodically oxidized sintered porous pellet is provided. The pellet may be formed from a pressed valve metal powder, which in turn, is formed by reacting an oxide of a valve metal compound (e.g., tantalum pentoxide) with a reducing agent that contains a metal having an oxidation state of 2 or more (e.g., magnesium). Through the use of such a powder, the present inventors have discovered that higher capacitance levels can be achieved than previously thought possible for the high voltage capacitors employed in implantable medical devices.

A method for manufacturing a polymer capacitor and a polymer capacitor are disclosed. In an embodiment a method for manufacturing a polymer capacitor includes winding an anode foil, a cathode foil and separator foils to form a winding, impregnating the winding with a dispersion comprising a solvent and a polymer precursor and extracting the solvent from the winding by supercritical fluid extraction.

A solid electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element. The capacitor element includes an anode foil including a base material part and a porous part disposed on a surface of the base material part, a dielectric layer disposed on at least a part of a surface of the anode foil, a solid electrolyte layer covering at least a part of the dielectric layer, and a cathode lead-out layer covering at least a part of the solid electrolyte layer. The anode foil includes an anode section on which the solid electrolyte layer is not disposed, a cathode formation section on which the solid electrolyte layer is disposed, and a separation section located between the anode section and the cathode formation section. A first insulating material is disposed on a surface of the porous part in the separation section. And at least a part of a region of the porous part that is covered with the first insulating material includes a second insulating material.

A method for producing an electrolytic capacitor, the method including steps of: preparing an electrode foil; preparing a first conductive polymer dispersion containing a first conductive polymer component and a first dispersion medium; forming a first conductive polymer layer containing the first conductive polymer component, by applying the first conductive polymer dispersion to a surface of the electrode foil by a coating method, and then at least partially removing the first dispersion medium; and fabricating a capacitor element, using the electrode foil having the first conductive polymer layer.

Fabricating a capacitor include using a first etching solution to etch a first sheet of material so as to generate a spent etchant. At least one chemical component is recovered from the spent etchant. A second etching solution is used to etch a second sheet of material. The second etchant includes at least one of the chemical components that was recovered from the spent etchant.