The present invention relates to a polymer, an organic solar cell comprising the polymer, and a perovskite solar cell comprising the polymer. The polymer according to the present invention has excellent absorption ability for visible light and an energy level suitable for the use as an electron donor compound in a photo-active layer of the organic solar cell, thereby increasing the light conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. In addition, the polymer according to the present invention has high hole mobility, and is used as a compound for a hole transport layer, and thus can improve efficiency and service life of the perovskite solar cell without an additive.

Disclosed is a photovoltaic-electrochromic-battery all-in-one device in which the functions of a dye-sensitized solar cell, an electrochromic device, and a lithium secondary battery are fused into one device. The all-in-one device according to the disclosure includes a photoelectrode uses as an active layer of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), a counter electrode used as an electrochromic layer opposite to the photoelectrode, and an electrolyte containing a lithium salt. The all-in-one device according to the disclosure allows the function of the DSSC that generates electrons by receiving solar energy, the function of an electrochromic device (ECD) that blocks light by discoloring an electrode with generated electrons, and the function of a lithium secondary battery (LIB) that stores generated electrons and uses the stored electrons again to be all implemented by one device.

A photoelectric conversion element comprises: a photoelectric conversion layer; a first compound layer including a first supporting member and a first compound, the first compound being supported by the first supporting member, being not in contact with the photoelectric conversion layer, and being liquid or gelatinous in an environment to use the element; and a second compound layer including a second supporting member and a second compound, the second compound being supported by the second supporting member, being not in contact with the photoelectric conversion layer and the first compound, and being liquid or gelatinous in the environment.

A solar cell system and a flexible solar panel are disclosed herein. The solar cell system includes a glass housing, a set of rows of solar cells each defining a front side and a rear side and arranged within the glass housing. The solar cell system can also include a reflective element disposed in the glass housing and facing the rear side of the set of rows of solar cells and a first terminal coupled to a first end of the set of rows of solar cells, traversing through and sealed against the first end of the glass housing. The solar cell system can be configured with other solar cell systems into the flexible solar panel that is deployable in a wide range of potential applications.

Presented herein is a voltaic cell containing light harvesting antennae or other biologically-based electron generating structures optionally in a microbial population, an electron siphon population having electron conductive properties with individual siphons configured to accept electrons from the light harvesting antennae and transport the electrons to a current collector, an optional light directing system (e.g., a mirror), and a regulator having sensing and regulatory feedback properties for the conversion of photobiochemical energy and biochemical energy to electricity. Also presented herein is a voltaic cell having electricity-generating abilities in the absence of light. Also presented herein is the use of the voltaic cell in a solar panel.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to a semiconductor device power management system including a semiconductor device of a set of semiconductor devices provided on a substrate, wherein the semiconductor device includes an independent power supply unit.

A solar battery unit (100) is provided that includes: a substrate (120); a solar battery (110) attached to a back face of the substrate (120); and a communications module (130) attached to the substrate (120). The communications module (130) includes an antenna (132) disposed so as not to overlap solar cells (115) in the solar battery (110) in a front view.

A method of fabricating a photovoltaic absorber layer is provided. The method embodies the application of an anodic paste along the surface of the transparent conductive substrate, wherein the applied surface is coupled to a cathodic element forming a solar cell. The anodic paste comprises titanium dioxide nanoparticles in powder form mixed with light-absorbing dye and electrolytic paste.

Photodiodes configured to convert incident photons in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) to electric current, where the photodiodes have a PbS/PbCl.sub.x core/shell nanocrystal absorber layer. The PbCl.sub.x shell in the PbS/PbCl.sub.x nanocrystals provide native passivation in the (100) crystal facets and enable removal of pre-device processing ligands and ligand exchange on the (111) crystal facets of the PbS/PbCl.sub.x nanocrystals such that the photodiode exhibits reduced current densities under reverse bias and greater infrared photoresponse, providing improved device performance as compared to photodiodes having absorber layers formed from PbS core nanocrystals alone.

A solar cell includes a first substrate, a first hole transport layer, a first photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite compound, and a second photoelectric conversion layer containing a photoelectric conversion material in this order. A band gap of the perovskite compound is greater than a band gap of the photoelectric conversion material. With respect to an absorption wavelength of the first photoelectric conversion layer 3, a refractive index n.sub.A of the first hole transport layer 2 satisfies refractive index of the first substrate≤n.sub.A≤refractive index of the first photoelectric conversion layer. Further, with respect to a transmission wavelength of the first photoelectric conversion layer 3 and an absorption wavelength of the second photoelectric conversion layer 5, a refractive index n.sub.B of the first hole transport layer 2 satisfies refractive index of the first substrate≤n.sub.B≤refractive index of the first photoelectric conversion layer.