Provided is a carbon nanotube water dispersion with which it is possible to form a conductive film that has excellent film strength and can cause a solar cell to display excellent conversion efficiency and reliability. The carbon nanotube water dispersion is for an electrode of a solar cell that includes an electrolyte solution containing a polar aprotic substance as a solvent and contains carbon nanotubes, a dispersant, a thickener, and water. The dispersant is soluble in the solvent and the thickener is insoluble in the solvent.

The present invention relates to an optoelectronic device comprising a substrate having a first and a second substantially planar face, a series of grooves in the first substantially planar face, and a first and a second electrical conductor on the second substantially planar face; wherein a first face of the first electrical conductor and a first face of the second electrical conductor are reflective.

A photoelectric conversion module includes a substrate, a photoelectric conversion element mounted on the substrate, and a connector mounted on the substrate, the connector including a terminal that is electrically coupled to the photoelectric conversion element, wherein the connector is configured such that coupling the connector to a connector of another photoelectric conversion module causes the photoelectric conversion element to be electrically coupled to a photoelectric conversion element of the another photoelectric conversion module.

Articles are described including a substrate and a copper halide layer on the substrate, where the interfacial free energy between the substrate and the copper halide layer allows the copper halide layer to form continuously, wherein the copper halide layer conforms to the shape of the substrate. The articles may further include an adhesion layer disposed in-between the substrate and the copper halide layer, where the surface free energy between the adhesion layer and the copper halide layer allows the copper halide layer to form continuously, wherein the copper halide layer or the adhesion layer conform to the shape of the substrate. Also described are methods of forming an article using chemical vapor deposition.

The disclosed embodiments generally relate to extruding multiple layers of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape. In particular, the aspects of the disclosed embodiments are directed to a method for producing a Bragg reflector comprising co-extrusion of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape.

Stable perovskite films having substantially-no phase transition within a predetermined temperature range are disclosed. In the films, formation of carrier traps is suppressed. Thermally stable perovskite solar cells and light-emitting devices using the films are also disclosed.

Discussed is a tandem solar cell manufacturing method including etching a crystalline silicon substrate, whereby a solar cell can be obtained which does not have a pyramid-shaped defect on a surface of the substrate, inhibits the generation of a shunt through the substrate having excellent surface roughness properties, and can secure fill factor properties, the solar cell being capable of being obtained through the tandem solar cell manufacturing method. The method includes preparing a crystalline silicon substrate; performing an isotropic etching process of the substrate; and removing a saw damage on a surface of the substrate by performing an anisotropic etching process of the isotropically etched substrate.

Discussed is a tandem solar cell manufacturing method including etching a crystalline silicon substrate, whereby a solar cell can be obtained which does not have a pyramid-shaped defect on a surface of the substrate, inhibits the generation of a shunt through the substrate having excellent surface roughness properties, and can secure fill factor properties, the solar cell being capable of being obtained through the tandem solar cell manufacturing method. The method includes preparing a crystalline silicon substrate; performing an isotropic etching process of the substrate; and removing a saw damage on a surface of the substrate by performing an anisotropic etching process of the isotropically etched substrate.

Described herein is a printed photovoltaic cell comprising an anode; an LEP printed cathode; and an LEP printed photovoltaic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The photovoltaic layer comprises a material with a perovskite structure having a chemical formula selected from ABX.sub.3 and A.sub.2BX.sub.6 and a thermoplastic resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. The printed cathode comprises: a thermoplastic resin; and electrically conductive metal particles. Also described herein is a method of producing the printed photovoltaic cell and an ink set for use in the method.

Described herein is a liquid electrophotographic photovoltaic ink composition comprising: a dispersion of a material with a perovskite structure, a thermoplastic resin and conductive particles in a carrier liquid; wherein the material with a perovskite structure has a chemical formula selected from ABX.sub.3 and A.sub.2BX.sub.6; wherein A is a cation, B is a cation and X is an anion; and wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises: a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. Also described is a method of producing a photovoltaic cell using the LEP ink and the printed cell produced by the method.