The invention provides therapeutic compositions that present an artificial repertoire of mammalian pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists, so that the pattern of PRR agonists recapitulates a distinct portion of a PRR agonist signature of a mammalian pathogen. The artificial repertoire of PRR agonists may be formulated together in a therapeutic vehicle for combined presentation to an innate immune cell resident in a target tissue in a mammalian host, and the vehicle adapted to deliver the PRR agonists to the target tissue, so as to modulate an immune response.

The present invention relates to a synthetic oligosaccharide of general formula (I): T*-[(—U.sub.x+4—U.sub.x+3—U.sub.x+2—U.sub.x+1—U.sub.x).sub.m—(V.sub.x+2—V.sub.x+1—V.sub.x).sub.1-m-T-O-L-E that is related to Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O3, O3b and/or O5 lipopolysaccharide and conjugate thereof. Said synthetic oligosaccharide, said conjugate and pharmaceutical composition containing said synthetic oligosaccharide or said conjugate are useful for prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, the synthetic oligosaccharide of general formula (I) is useful as marker in immunological assays for detection of antibodies against Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O3, O3b and/or O5 bacteria.

This disclosure relates to the design of E. coli mutated FimH polypeptides that result in improved biochemical properties and immunogenicity, compositions comprising such polypeptides, and uses thereof.

The present disclosure describes multivalent antibacterial vaccines for the treatment of bacterial infections, such as Klebsiella, E. coli and E. cloacae, as well as therapy-resistant forms thereof.

A method for treating a microbial infection, especially pneumonia, comprising administering an aqueous-ethanol extract of Thymus or Boswellia or a composition containing the extract. Aqueous-ethanol extracts of Thymus and/or Boswellia.

This invention relates to compositions that include a polypeptide derived from E. coli or a fragment thereof; and modified O-polysaccharide molecules derived from E. coli lipopolysaccharides and conjugates thereof, and methods of use thereof.

A method for treating a microbial infection, especially pneumonia, comprising administering an aqueous-ethanol extract of Thymus or Boswellia or a composition containing the extract. Aqueous-ethanol extracts of Thymus and/or Boswellia.

The invention provides therapeutic compositions that present an artificial repertoire of mammalian pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists, so that the pattern of PRR agonists recapitulates a distinct portion of a PRR agonist signature of a mammalian pathogen. The artificial repertoire of PRR agonists may be formulated together in a therapeutic vehicle for combined presentation to an innate immune cell resident in a target tissue in a mammalian host, and the vehicle adapted to deliver the PRR agonists to the target tissue, so as to modulate an immune response.

The result of orally administering saliva derived from a Crohn’s disease patient or an ulcerative colitis patient to germ-free mice has revealed that Th1 cells markedly increased in the colons. Further, from the bacterial microbiota in the intestines of the mice in which such an increase in Th1 cells were observed, bacteria have been successfully isolated which caused strong Th1 cell induction in the colon upon intestinal colonization.

The present invention relates to the field of immunogenic compositions and vaccines, their manufacture, host cells which can be used in their manufacture and the use of such immunogenic compositions and vaccines in medicine. More particularly, it relates to Klebsiella pneumoniae O-antigens, conjugates comprising a K. pneumoniae O-antigen, host cells suitable for their production and immunogenic compositions or vaccines containing at least one Klebsiella pneumoniae O-antigen.