An electrolytic capacitor module includes at least two types of electrolytic capacitors (4-1, 4-2) having etching pits in electrode foils. The at least two types of electrolytic capacitors (4-1, 4-2) are different in length of the etching pits and are connected in parallel. The number of electrolytic capacitors to be mounted is the same or different. The electrolytic capacitors (4-1, 4-2) are each an electrolytic capacitor with an etching pit length of 27 [μm] or less or an electrolytic capacitor with an etching pit length over 27 [μm]. Such a configuration enhances performance of the electrolytic capacitors in a high-frequency region, keeps a rate of decrease in capacitance low in the high-frequency region, and enhances a ripple current capability in the high-frequency region.

A method and apparatus for collecting and storing the energy emitted by radioisotopes in the form of alpha and or beta particles is described. The present invention incorporates aspects of four different energy conversion and storage technologies, those being: Nuclear alpha and or beta particle capture for direct energy conversion and storage, fuel cells, rechargeable electrochemical storage cells and capacitive electrical energy storage.

An onboard power supply device includes capacitors, a holder holding the capacitors, a mounting board having the capacitors mounted thereon and having the holder fixed thereto, and a heat-generating component mounted on the mounting board. Each of the capacitors includes a capacitor body and a lead terminal extending from the capacitor body. The holder includes a base part, first holding parts bundled by the base part and holding the capacitors, second holding parts each connected to a corresponding one of the first holding parts, and a fixing part extending from an outer edge of the base part toward the mounting board and fixed to the mounting board. The capacitor body of each of the capacitors is held by a corresponding one of the first holding parts. The lead terminal of each of the capacitors is held by a corresponding one of the second holding parts. The mounting board has a through-hole therein through which the lead terminal passes. The through-hole is connected to the lead terminal. The corresponding one of the second holding parts has a holding through-hole therein extending along a through-axis coinciding with the through-hole. An inner wall of the holding through-hole contacts the lead terminal. This onboard power supply device has a small size.

The present invention discloses a pulsed electric field propulsion system for spacecraft. The system includes a capacitor stack comprising an array of supercapacitors. Solid-state electronic circuits generate high time-rate-of-change currents and pulsed electric fields in pulse coils. The pulse coils direct the electric fields onto separated electric charges stored in the capacitor stack. The resulting unidirectional Lorentz Forces thereby generate thrust without reaction mass. Reaction momentum is carried away by Poynting Vector fields in conformity with the currently understood principles of electrodynamics. The design is scalable down to micro-chip sized thrusters.

The protection of an electrical energy accumulation device from electromagnetic attacks is provided. The electrical energy accumulation device comprises a housing made of an electrically conductive material, at least one electrical energy storage cell that is arranged in the housing and two terminals that are arranged through the housing, the terminals being electrically insulated from the housing, the terminals allowing electrical energy to be transferred between the at least one storage cell and the exterior of the device. The device further comprises, inside the housing, a specific component exhibiting an impedance having at least one resistive component that is higher than 1 ohm, which component is configured to dissipate the energy of electromagnetic interference attempting to penetrate the housing through at least one of the terminals.

The protection of an electrical energy accumulation device from electromagnetic attacks is provided. The electrical energy accumulation device comprises a housing made of an electrically conductive material, at least one electrical energy storage cell that is arranged in the housing and two terminals that are arranged through the housing, the terminals being electrically insulated from the housing, the terminals allowing electrical energy to be transferred between the at least one storage cell and the exterior of the device. The device further comprises, inside the housing, a specific component exhibiting an impedance having at least one resistive component that is higher than 1 ohm, which component is configured to dissipate the energy of electromagnetic interference attempting to penetrate the housing through at least one of the terminals.

A system that includes an energy device having an active region configured to generate or consume electrical energy provided by an electrical current is discussed. A current limiter is disposed between the energy device and a current collector layer. The current limiter controls the current flow between the energy device and the current collector layer. A plurality of electrochemical transistors (ECTs) are arranged in an array such that each ECT in the array provides localized current control for the energy device. Each ECT includes a gate electrode, a drain electrode, a source electrode, and a channel disposed between the drain and the source electrodes. An electrolyte electrically couples the gate electrode to the channel such that an electrical signal at the gate electrode controls electrical conductivity of the channel. The current collector layer is a shared drain or source electrode for the ECTs.

A system that includes an energy device having an active region configured to generate or consume electrical energy provided by an electrical current is discussed. A current limiter is disposed between the energy device and a current collector layer. The current limiter controls the current flow between the energy device and the current collector layer. A plurality of electrochemical transistors (ECTs) are arranged in an array such that each ECT in the array provides localized current control for the energy device. Each ECT includes a gate electrode, a drain electrode, a source electrode, and a channel disposed between the drain and the source electrodes. An electrolyte electrically couples the gate electrode to the channel such that an electrical signal at the gate electrode controls electrical conductivity of the channel. The current collector layer is a shared drain or source electrode for the ECTs.

A motor controller assembly is configured for use with an electric motor and includes a controller and an absorbent pad. The controller includes a capacitor with a capacitor shell and a liquid electrolyte contained therein. The capacitor shell has a frangible rupture area that opens during a capacitor rupture event to permit the discharge of liquid electrolyte from the capacitor shell. The absorbent pad overlies the rupture area to collect discharged liquid electrolyte.

Package 1a has ceramic substrate body 2 having front and back surfaces 3, 4 and side surface 5 between these surfaces, cavity 6 opening on front surface 3 and having bottom surface 7 and inner side surface 8, electrode pad 9 formed on bottom surface 7, external connecting terminal 10 formed on back surface 4, electronic component 14 mounted on electrode pad 9 and electrolyte 16 filling cavity 6. Electrode pad 9 and external connecting terminal 10 are electrically connected to each other through via conductor 12 penetrating ceramic layer c1 forming bottom surface 7 of cavity 6 and back surface 4 of substrate body 2. Side surface conductor 17 is provided on side surface 5 of substrate body 2, and side surface conductor 17 and external connecting terminal 10 are connected to each other. Electrode pad 9 and side surface conductor 17 are separate from each other.