A meta-material is disclosed that includes a first layer composed of graphene, and one or more additional layers, each composed of glassy carbon or graphene. A method of producing an engineered material includes depositing a graphene precursor on a substrate, pyrolyzing the graphene precursor to allow the formation of graphene, depositing a glassy carbon precursor the graphene, pyrolyzing to allow the formation of glassy carbon from the glassy carbon precursor, depositing a graphene precursor on the glassy carbon, and pyrolyzing the graphene precursor to allow the formation of graphene.

Provided is a separator for a power storage device that combines high permeability and battery safety at high temperature. The separator for a power storage device has an inorganic content layer that contains inorganic particles and polyolefin resin. In a cross section of the inorganic content layer, a ratio b of the area occupied by the inorganic particles is 9-35% [inclusive], the ratio of the area occupied by vacancies is 20-60% [inclusive], and a TD direction heat shrinkage a at 150° C. of the separator for a power storage device is 4% or less.

Provided is an electrochemical device including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. In the electrochemical device, the negative electrode is an electrode containing magnesium, and is in contact with a fullerene analogue-containing layer containing a fullerene analogue. The electrolytic solution of the electrochemical device includes a solvent and a magnesium salt contained in the solvent.

Representative embodiments provide a liquid or gel separator utilized to separate and space apart first and second conductors or electrodes of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a supercapacitor. A representative liquid or gel separator comprises a plurality of particles, typically having a size (in any dimension) between about 0.5 to about 50 microns; a first, ionic liquid electrolyte; and a polymer. In another representative embodiment, the plurality of particles comprise diatoms, diatomaceous frustules, and/or diatomaceous fragments or remains. Another representative embodiment further comprises a second electrolyte different from the first electrolyte; the plurality of particles are comprised of silicate glass; the first and second electrolytes comprise zinc tetrafluoroborate salt in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidalzolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid; and the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol (“PVA”) or polyvinylidene fluoride (“PVFD”). Additional components, such as additional electrolytes and solvents, may also be included.

Representative embodiments provide a liquid or gel separator utilized to separate and space apart first and second conductors or electrodes of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a supercapacitor. A representative liquid or gel separator comprises a plurality of particles, typically having a size (in any dimension) between about 0.5 to about 50 microns; a first, ionic liquid electrolyte; and a polymer. In another representative embodiment, the plurality of particles comprise diatoms, diatomaceous frustules, and/or diatomaceous fragments or remains. Another representative embodiment further comprises a second electrolyte different from the first electrolyte; the plurality of particles are comprised of silicate glass; the first and second electrolytes comprise zinc tetrafluoroborate salt in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidalzolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid; and the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol (“PVA”) or polyvinylidene fluoride (“PVFD”). Additional components, such as additional electrolytes and solvents, may also be included.

A separator for a lithium secondary battery and a method for manufacturing the same. The separator for a lithium secondary battery includes: a porous polymer substrate; and a porous coating layer on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate. The porous coating layer includes inorganic particles, a fluorine-containing binder polymer (A), and an ethylenic copolymer (B) having an ethylene monomer-derived repeating unit (a) and a vinyl acetate monomer-derived repeating unit (b). It is possible to provide a separator having improved adhesion peel strength between the porous coating layer and the porous polymer substrate and improved adhesion Lami strength to an electrode at the same time and a method for manufacturing the same by using an ethylenic copolymer having predetermined characteristics.

A separator for power storage devices includes a synthetic resin film having minute pore portions, the separator having an air resistance of 30 sec/100 mL/16 μm or more and 100 sec/100 mL/16 μm or less, and a first scattering peak in a stretching direction measured by small-angle X-ray scattering measurement (SAXS) present in a range where a scattering vector is 0.0030 nm.sup.−1 or more and 0.0080 nm.sup.−1 or less.

A separator for power storage devices includes a synthetic resin film having minute pore portions, the separator having an air resistance of 30 sec/100 mL/16 μm or more and 100 sec/100 mL/16 μm or less, and a first scattering peak in a stretching direction measured by small-angle X-ray scattering measurement (SAXS) present in a range where a scattering vector is 0.0030 nm.sup.−1 or more and 0.0080 nm.sup.−1 or less.

A method for manufacturing a crosslinked polyolefin separator and a separator are provided. The method includes putting a polyolefin and a polyolefin elastomer into an extruder first, and putting an alkoxy silane containing a carbon-carbon double bond functional group, an initiator and a crosslinking catalyst to form the separator. The crosslinked polyolefin separator has high meltdown temperature and low shutdown temperature.

A supercapacitor having multiple graphene layers that are separated by separator layers. The graphene layers and the separator layers are enclosed within a housing that is filled with electrolyte