A film capacitor including: a laminate of a dielectric film; a first electrode; a second electrode; a terminal electrode including a connector electrically connected to the first electrode or the second electrode, and an extension extending in a substrate mounting direction along the first electrode or the second electrode from the connector; and an exterior material covering the laminate, the first electrode, the second electrode, the connector, and at least a part of the extension. The film capacitor has a columnar shape having a side surface, the side surface has a curved part, and at least a part of the extension is arranged at a position shifted from a position closest to the substrate in the curved part in a space between a region facing the substrate of the curved part and the substrate when the film capacitor is mounted on the substrate.

A novel hybrid lithium-ion anode material based on coaxially coated Si shells on vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (CNF) arrays. The unique cup-stacking graphitic microstructure makes the bare vertically aligned CNF array an effective Li.sup.+ intercalation medium. Highly reversible Li.sup.+ intercalation and extraction were observed at high power rates. More importantly, the highly conductive and mechanically stable CNF core optionally supports a coaxially coated amorphous Si shell which has much higher theoretical specific capacity by forming fully lithiated alloy. Addition of surface effect dominant sites in close proximity to the intercalation medium results in a hybrid device that includes advantages of both batteries and capacitors.

A novel hybrid lithium-ion anode material based on coaxially coated Si shells on vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (CNF) arrays. The unique cup-stacking graphitic microstructure makes the bare vertically aligned CNF array an effective Li.sup.+ intercalation medium. Highly reversible Li.sup.+ intercalation and extraction were observed at high power rates. More importantly, the highly conductive and mechanically stable CNF core optionally supports a coaxially coated amorphous Si shell which has much higher theoretical specific capacity by forming fully lithiated alloy. Addition of surface effect dominant sites in close proximity to the intercalation medium results in a hybrid device that includes advantages of both batteries and capacitors.

A winder includes a winding mechanism, a chamber housing the winding mechanism, at least one vacuum pump, and a product case. The winding mechanism is configured to wind a belt-shaped raw film around a winding core. The belt-shaped raw film is composed of a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of separating films. The at least one vacuum pump is configured to suck air into the chamber. The product case is configured to house a plurality of winding products each formed by winding the raw film with use of the winding mechanism disposed in the chamber.

A power storage device has a power storage element and an electrolytic solution. The power storage element includes an anode body, a cathode body opposed to the anode body, and a separator interposed between the anode body and the cathode body. The separator includes a separator base material and a conductive polymer deposited on the separator base material. The power storage element is impregnated with the electrolytic solution. The separator has a first surface layer, which includes a first surface opposed to the anode body, and a second surface layer, which includes a second surface opposed to the cathode body. An amount of the conductive polymer deposited in a first separator half body, which is a part from a center of the separator to the first surface, is greater than an amount of the conductive polymer deposited in a second separator half body, which is a part from the center of the separator to the second surface.

An electrical storage device includes an electrical storage element and an electrolytic solution. The electrical storage element is formed of an anode body, a cathode body facing the anode body, and a separator interposed between the anode body and the cathode body. The separator includes a separator substrate and a conductive polymer adhering to the separator substrate. The electrical storage element is impregnated with the electrolytic solution. The separator includes a first surface layer having a first surface facing the anode body and a second surface layer having a second surface facing the cathode body. The first surface layer includes a first region that is not provided with the conductive polymer, and the second surface layer includes a second region provided with the conductive polymer.

An electrical storage device includes an electrical storage element and an electrolytic solution. The electrical storage element is formed of an anode body, a cathode body facing the anode body, and a separator interposed between the anode body and the cathode body. The separator includes a separator substrate and a conductive polymer adhering to the separator substrate. The electrical storage element is impregnated with the electrolytic solution. The separator includes a first surface layer having a first surface facing the anode body and a second surface layer having a second surface facing the cathode body. The first surface layer includes a first region that is not provided with the conductive polymer, and the second surface layer includes a second region provided with the conductive polymer.

A reaction vessel in the form of a box is sized to closely contain electrode elements or core cell elements of a lithium-based or sodium-based battery or capacitor for contacting of the electrode material, placed in the reaction vessel, with a flowing gaseous stream of an inert carrier gas and vapor of an organic solvent of water for removing residual water from the porous electrode material elements which are to be infiltrated with a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Complementary equipment is provided for delivering the gaseous stream to the reaction vessel with predetermined portions of carrier gas and organic vapor at a predetermined temperature, pressure, and flow rate.

A reaction vessel in the form of a box is sized to closely contain electrode elements or core cell elements of a lithium-based or sodium-based battery or capacitor for contacting of the electrode material, placed in the reaction vessel, with a flowing gaseous stream of an inert carrier gas and vapor of an organic solvent of water for removing residual water from the porous electrode material elements which are to be infiltrated with a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Complementary equipment is provided for delivering the gaseous stream to the reaction vessel with predetermined portions of carrier gas and organic vapor at a predetermined temperature, pressure, and flow rate.

A power storage device has a power storage element and an electrolytic solution. The power storage element includes an anode body, a cathode body opposed to the anode body, and a separator interposed between the anode body and the cathode body. The separator includes a separator base material and a conductive polymer deposited on the separator base material. The power storage element is impregnated with the electrolytic solution. The separator has a first surface layer, which includes a first surface opposed to the anode body, and a second surface layer, which includes a second surface opposed to the cathode body. The first surface layer has a first region in which the conductive polymer is deposited, and the second surface layer has a second region in which the conductive polymer is not deposited.