An electromagnetic relay includes a fixed contact part, a movable contact part, an armature, an electromagnet, and a base. The fixed contact part includes a fixed contact. The movable contact part includes a movable contact that faces the fixed contact. The armature is formed of a magnetic material and configured to bring the movable contact into or out of contact with the fixed contact. The electromagnet is configured to generate a magnetic field to move the armature. The base holds the fixed contact part, the movable contact part, and the electromagnet. The electromagnetic relay further includes multiple electrodes configured to generate an electric field between the electrodes.

A switch monitoring device includes a constant current source which supplies a current to an input line or extracts a current from the input line, a switch which connects the input line to a supply voltage or to a ground voltage, a comparator which compares a voltage on the input line with a reference voltage, a logic which receives an output voltage of the comparator, a base current source which generates a base current, and a bias current circuit which generates a bias current by adjusting the base current as a base in accordance with a current control signal from the logic and the output voltage of the comparator. The constant current source generates a current by adjusting the bias current as a base.

A system and method according to various embodiments can include a universal contact input status detection circuit. A voltage source wets a contact with a wetting voltage. A current mirror circuit is connected across an input of the contact to provide a constant wetting current over a wide input voltage range. The input voltage can be varied over a range wide enough to include both AC voltages and DC voltages. The current mirror circuit maintains the constant wetting current during varying wetting voltage inputs across the input of the contact. A wetting voltage sensor senses the wetting voltage provided to the contact so that the status of the contact can be determined.

Provided is a lubricant for a gas insulated switchgear, with which properties of a base oil such as heat resistance, evaporation loss, fluidity under a low temperature, and chemical stability (oxidation resistance and HF resistance) are balanced at a level higher than the conventional level, and long service life and high reliability of the gas insulated switchgear are achieved. A lubricant for a gas insulated switchgear according to the present invention, contains: a base oil containing a polyalphaolefin having a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of 50 mm.sup.2/s or more; and a thickener containing bisamides.

Disclosed is a method for optimizing a wetting current, for a device for monitoring sensors with contact switches including a current source and at least two switch/resistor assemblies (CT1/R1, CT2/R2) in parallel, including the following steps: the current source (A) supplies the circuit with a nominal current; if a voltage (Vm) measured across the terminals of the switch/resistor assemblies is greater than a threshold voltage (Vs), the threshold voltage being lower than the supply voltage of the current source and than the saturation voltage of the analog-to-digital converter (CAN), then the current source is stopped and a unit for discharging the circuit are implemented; and the current source supplies the circuit again with a supply current (Iwet_c) equal to the nominal current reduced by a predetermined increment. These two last steps are repeated until the measured voltage is lower than the threshold voltage.

A method of pressure-filling a container includes placing its opening tightly against a filling element, extending a return gas tube into the container, causing and measuring a progression of pressures in the container's interior, thereby generating a measured progression of pressures, generating a signal indicative of the measured progression of pressures, recording it, monitoring it for information indicative of a pressure peak, identifying such information, comparing a measured value of the pressure peak with a reference value, measuring an absolute pressure at a point in time at which the pressure peak is measured, based at least in part this measurement, determining that the pressure peak is caused by the filling-material level having reached the return gas tube, and upon making the determination, transmitting closing the filling element.

In a method for cleaning an on-load tap changer (19) in a regulating transformer (20), provision is made for the on-load tap changer (19) to comprise a moving contact (11) and a fixed contact (12); for a cleaning signal to be generated; for the moving contact (11) to be frictionally moved relative to the fixed contact (12) on the basis of the cleaning signal. An on-load tap changer (19) in a regulating transformer (20) comprises: a moving contact (11) and a fixed contact (12); a contact drive (17) which is coupled to the moving contact (11); a control device (18) which is connected to the contact drive (17) and is designed in such a manner that the control device can generate a cleaning signal and can transmit said signal to the contact drive (17); wherein the contact drive (17) is designed in such a manner that the contact drive can frictionally move the moving contact (11) relative to the fixed contact (12) on the basis of the cleaning signal.

In a method for cleaning an on-load tap changer (19) in a regulating transformer (20), provision is made for the on-load tap changer (19) to comprise a moving contact (11) and a fixed contact (12); for a cleaning signal to be generated; for the moving contact (11) to be frictionally moved relative to the fixed contact (12) on the basis of the cleaning signal. An on-load tap changer (19) in a regulating transformer (20) comprises: a moving contact (11) and a fixed contact (12); a contact drive (17) which is coupled to the moving contact (11); a control device (18) which is connected to the contact drive (17) and is designed in such a manner that the control device can generate a cleaning signal and can transmit said signal to the contact drive (17); wherein the contact drive (17) is designed in such a manner that the contact drive can frictionally move the moving contact (11) relative to the fixed contact (12) on the basis of the cleaning signal.

Disclosed is a method for optimizing a wetting current, for a device for monitoring sensors with contact switches including a current source and at least two switch/resistor assemblies (CT1/R1, CT2/R2) in parallel, including the following steps: the current source (A) supplies the circuit with a nominal current; if a voltage (Vm) measured across the terminals of the switch/resistor assemblies is greater than a threshold voltage (Vs), the threshold voltage being lower than the supply voltage of the current source and than the saturation voltage of the analog-to-digital converter (CAN), then the current source is stopped and a unit for discharging the circuit are implemented; and the current source supplies the circuit again with a supply current (Iwet_c) equal to the nominal current reduced by a predetermined increment. These two last steps are repeated until the measured voltage is lower than the threshold voltage.

A system, a method, a device, and an apparatus include a control unit configured to determine contact resistance of one or more electrical contacts of one or more circuits, and remove, via a wetting current, residue on the one or more electrical contacts.