A system for sequentially interconnecting battery modules of a battery pack is disclosed. The battery pack may comprise first, second and third battery modules. Each of the first, second and third battery modules includes a first power output terminal and a second power output terminal. Each of the first power output terminals is of a first polarity and the each of the second power output terminals is of a second, opposite polarity. The system comprises a control module for providing a control signal to sequentially interconnect the battery modules, a first interconnect controller electrically disposed between the first and second battery modules, and a second interconnect controller electrically disposed between the second and third battery modules. Each of the first and second interconnect controllers includes a contactor comprising a main contact, an auxiliary contact and an actuating coil for closing the respective main contact and auxiliary contact. The actuating coil of the first interconnect controller responds to the control signal to close the respective main contact, coupling the first battery module to the second battery module, and to close the respective auxiliary contact to pass the control signal to the second interconnect controller. The actuating coil of the second interconnect controller responds to the passed control signal from the first interconnect controller to close the respective main contact of the second interconnect controller, coupling the third battery module to the previously connected first and second battery modules.

A switch conversion apparatus including an interface device, a mounting plate configured to mount to a toggle switch and including at least one aperture for receiving a toggle arm of a toggle switch, and an actuator plate configured to slidably engage the mounting plate and including at least one aperture for receiving and engaging a toggle arm of a toggle switch when engaged by the interface device so as to transition the state of the switch. Other embodiments of a switch conversion apparatus include one or more mechanical, electrical, and/or pneumatic timers.

In one example, a modified electrical device includes a body and at least one connector on the body to make power and control connections with an active cover plate. In some embodiments, a wall plate system may include a modified electrical device or receptacle and/or an active cover plate.

A switch conversion apparatus including an interface device, a mounting plate configured to mount to a toggle switch and including at least one aperture for receiving a toggle arm of a toggle switch, and an actuator plate configured to slidably engage the mounting plate and including at least one aperture for receiving and engaging a toggle arm of a toggle switch when engaged by the interface device so as to transition the state of the switch. Other embodiments of a switch conversion apparatus include one or more mechanical, electrical, and/or pneumatic timers.

The present disclosure discloses a high-voltage DC relay comprising a cover, a main contact leading-out terminal, a coil bobbin, an auxiliary contact leading-out terminal and a coil leading-out terminal, wherein the cover and the coil bobbin are arranged up and down; two main contact leading-out terminals and two auxiliary contact leading-out terminals are respectively fixed on a top wall of the cover and their bottom ends respectively extend into a cavity of the cover; a winding shaft of the coil bobbin is vertically arranged; the coil leading-out terminal is mounted in a flange of the coil bobbin; the high-voltage DC relay also comprises a first connecting assembly and a second connecting assembly, wherein the first connecting assembly is composed of a first plastic element and a first conductive element, the second connecting assembly is composed of a second plastic element and a second conductive element.

Disclosed is an apparatus for optimally facilitating interconnections between electrical endpoints. The apparatus comprises a number of terminals equal to a number of combinations of the plurality of endpoints. For example, to enable combinations of two endpoints to be made between N endpoints, the apparatus comprises N(N1)/2 terminals. Each terminal at least comprises a first contact coupled to a first endpoint and a second contact coupled to a second endpoint. The first contact and second contact of any terminal can be shorted to connect their corresponding endpoints. The apparatus may further comprise a circuit identification process executed by a microcontroller. In this case, each terminal additionally comprises a first circuit identification contact and a second circuit identification contact. The process involves outputting a voltage to the first circuit identification contact and detecting the voltage of the second circuit identification contact to determine whether the corresponding terminal is activated.

An auxiliary switch includes a housing including a first housing part and a second housing part separate from and releasably connected to the first housing part. A printed circuit board is fixedly mounted within the housing and has an electrical pad and an electrical contact connected to the electrical pad. A terminal conductor is electrically connected to the printed circuit board. An actuator mechanism is mounted within the housing and has an electrical contactor engaged to the terminal conductor. The actuator mechanism is configured to move within the housing and at least partially displace the electrical contact while maintaining engagement between the contactor and the terminal conductor.

An electrical switching device, including a socket, a holder and electrical contacts housed in the holder. The holder includes a first end and a second end. The device includes a guidance device for guiding the first end of the holder relative to the socket. The device includes a fastener including a head, a tail, a first stem extending from the head to the tail, and a second stem extending from the head. The first stem is configured for passing through the holder and for being inserted at the tail into a first orifice of the socket, in order to retain the first end of the holder relative to the socket. A retaining member is configured for retaining the fastener, in order to rigidly connect the second end of the holder to the socket.

A switch comprising an actuation member in the form of a pushbutton comprising an actuating portion being arranged, when an external force is applied to the pushbutton, to be moved vertically relative to the housing between a pushbutton upper position and a pushbutton lower position, the pushbutton and a tilting driving member forming a movable mechanical assembly. An electrical switching means generates signals representative of changes of position of the one and/or of the other of the two components of the movable assembly, the electrical switching means including a sensing switch for sensing the changes of position of the pushbutton between its upper position and its lower position, and a detecting switch for detecting the changes of position of the tilting driving member between its upper position and its lower position.

A symptom of malfunction regarding operating characteristics of a switch should be detected exactly. A switch operating characteristic monitoring device is comprised of a current sensor that measures a close command current of a switch, an auxiliary switch that outputs signals from at least two or more auxiliary contacts with reference to positions of a contactor, a measurement unit that measures signals from the current sensor and the auxiliary switch, a diagnosis unit that judges whether or not a malfunction occurs, and a display unit that displays a malfunction when a malfunction has been determined. A threshold is obtained in advance from multiple results of an opening/closing test performed beforehand. A calculation is made for characteristic times which are obtained from the close command current and signals from the auxiliary switch during actual operation of a circuit breaker. If a deviation is found by comparison with a threshold, a malfunction is determined.