Implantable medical systems include implantable medical leads that have magnetic orientation-independent magnetically actuated switches that are placed in the conduction path to the electrode of the lead. Thus, regardless of the orientation of a substantial magnetic field like that from an MRI machine to the lead and switch within the lead, the switch opens when in the presence of that substantial magnetic field. The switch may be placed in close proximity to the electrode such that the opening of the switch disconnects the electrode from the majority of the conduction path which thereby produces a high impedance for RF current and reduces the amount of heating that may occur at the electrode when in the presence of substantial levels of RF electromagnetic energy as may occur within an MRI machine.

[Object] To make it possible to selectively switch the threshold value of the drive voltage.

[Solution] Provided is an electrostatic actuator, including: a base section; a movable electrode section held to be displaceable in a predetermined direction with respect to the base section; and a plurality of fixed electrodes fixed to the base section to be separated from the movable electrode section along a movable direction of the movable electrode section and face the movable electrode section, the plurality of fixed electrodes being electrically separated from each other. The electrostatic actuator is driven in accordance with a drive voltage selectively applied to the plurality of fixed electrodes and a voltage value of the drive voltage.

Implantable medical systems include implantable medical leads that have magnetic orientation-independent magnetically actuated switches that are placed in the conduction path to the electrode of the lead. Thus, regardless of the orientation of a substantial magnetic field like that from an MRI machine to the lead and switch within the lead, the switch opens when in the presence of that substantial magnetic field. The switch may be placed in close proximity to the electrode such that the opening of the switch disconnects the electrode from the majority of the conduction path which thereby produces a high impedance for RF current and reduces the amount of heating that may occur at the electrode when in the presence of substantial levels of RF electromagnetic energy as may occur within an MRI machine.

Implantable medical systems include implantable medical leads that have magnetic orientation-independent magnetically actuated switches that are placed in the conduction path to the electrode of the lead. Thus, regardless of the orientation of a substantial magnetic field like that from an MRI machine to the lead and switch within the lead, the switch opens when in the presence of that substantial magnetic field. The switch may be placed in close proximity to the electrode such that the opening of the switch disconnects the electrode from the majority of the conduction path which thereby produces a high impedance for RF current and reduces the amount of heating that may occur at the electrode when in the presence of substantial levels of RF electromagnetic energy as may occur within an MRI machine.

A MEMS device, having two flexible, permeable members which are manufactured to have sub-millimeter dimensions using MEMS fabrication procedures. The flexible, permeable members may form a reed switch, which closes an electrical connection in the presence of a magnetic field, and opens the connection otherwise. The MEMS reed switch device may be made using a three-wafer architecture of a lid wafer, a device wafer, and a lower, supporting wafer.

Implantable medical systems include implantable medical leads that have magnetic orientation-independent magnetically actuated switches that are placed in the conduction path to the electrode of the lead. Thus, regardless of the orientation of a substantial magnetic field like that from an MRI machine to the lead and switch within the lead, the switch opens when in the presence of that substantial magnetic field. The switch may be placed in close proximity to the electrode such that the opening of the switch disconnects the electrode from the majority of the conduction path which thereby produces a high impedance for RF current and reduces the amount of heating that may occur at the electrode when in the presence of substantial levels of RF electromagnetic energy as may occur within an MRI machine.

Eyewear or other head-worn apparatus are fitted with an activation accessory that includes one or more switch elements integrated with or attached to a nose piece of the eyewear. The switch elements are communicably coupled to a processor-based controller so as to provide input signals to the controller responsive to wearer-initiated activations of the switch elements through interaction with a frame or temple piece of the eyewear. Upon receipt, the controller evaluates the input signals to determine whether or not they represent a command for the controlled device by assessing the input signals for a signal pattern indicative of such a command, and then, if the evaluation determines that the input signals do represent the command, issues the command to the controlled device. Otherwise the controller proceeds to receive and evaluate further input signals from the switch elements in a like manner as the first input signals.

An improved contactor device includes a high voltage switching device, current sensing components, and battery management components that may include a disconnect device. The contactor device may integrate, e.g., into a single device, a number of functionalities conventionally distributed across a number of disparate components and/or facilitate additional functionalities.

Eyewear or other head-worn apparatus are fitted with an activation accessory that includes one or more switch elements integrated with or attached to a nose piece of the eyewear. The switch elements are communicably coupled to a processor-based controller so as to provide input signals to the controller responsive to wearer-initiated activations of the switch elements through interaction with a frame or temple piece of the eyewear. Upon receipt, the controller evaluates the input signals to determine whether or not they represent a command for the controlled device by assessing the input signals for a signal pattern indicative of such a command, and then, if the evaluation determines that the input signals do represent the command, issues the command to the controlled device. Otherwise the controller proceeds to receive and evaluate further input signals from the switch elements in a like manner as the first input signals.