A system for sequentially interconnecting battery modules of a battery pack is disclosed. The battery pack may comprise first, second and third battery modules. Each of the first, second and third battery modules includes a first power output terminal and a second power output terminal. Each of the first power output terminals is of a first polarity and the each of the second power output terminals is of a second, opposite polarity. The system comprises a control module for providing a control signal to sequentially interconnect the battery modules, a first interconnect controller electrically disposed between the first and second battery modules, and a second interconnect controller electrically disposed between the second and third battery modules. Each of the first and second interconnect controllers includes a contactor comprising a main contact, an auxiliary contact and an actuating coil for closing the respective main contact and auxiliary contact. The actuating coil of the first interconnect controller responds to the control signal to close the respective main contact, coupling the first battery module to the second battery module, and to close the respective auxiliary contact to pass the control signal to the second interconnect controller. The actuating coil of the second interconnect controller responds to the passed control signal from the first interconnect controller to close the respective main contact of the second interconnect controller, coupling the third battery module to the previously connected first and second battery modules.

A contactor includes: at least one moveable contact mounted on a contact carrier; at least one stationary contact mounted on a housing; an electromagnet arranged to cause the contact carrier to move relative to the housing between a first position and a second position, and thus to cause the at least one moveable contact to travel from a contacts open position to a contacts closed position with respect to the at least one stationary contact; a sensor coupled to one of the contact carrier and the housing and arranged to detect an intermediate position, in between the first position and the second position, at which the housing and the contact carrier are located at a given moment in time as the contact carrier moves relative to the housing between the first position and the second position; and a controller connected to receive the signals from the sensor.

The subject matter discloses a relay, including a housing, static contact bridges, a moving contact bridge, a pushing mechanism and a detection assembly. The static contact bridges is arranged on the housing, the moving contact bridge is movably arranged in the housing between a conduction position where the moving contact bridge is conducted with the static contact bridges and a disconnection position where the moving contact bridge is disconnected from the static contact bridges, and the pushing mechanism is connected with the moving contact bridge and used for pushing the moving contact bridge to move between the conduction position and the disconnection position; the detection assembly comprises an auxiliary moving contact bridge and an auxiliary static contact bridge, the auxiliary moving contact bridge is connected with the pushing mechanism, the auxiliary static contact bridge is arranged on the housing, the auxiliary moving contact bridge is connected with the auxiliary static contact bridge when the moving contact bridge is at the conduction position, and the auxiliary moving contact bridge is disconnected from the auxiliary static contact bridge when the moving contact bridge is at the disconnection position.

The present subject matter provides a relay, including an insulating cover, two static contact bridges, a moving contact bridge, a drive shaft and a driving mechanism; a conductive layer is provided on the inner surface of the top of the insulating cover; the relay comprises an auxiliary conduction structure and an auxiliary detection structure; the auxiliary conduction structure includes a conductive member and an elastic member that elastically supports the conductive member below; the conductive member is arranged on the drive shaft, the drive shaft moves up to drive the moving contact bridge to be conducted with the static contact bridges, and the conductive member is conducted with the conductive layer; the drive shaft moves down to drive the moving contact bridge to be disconnected from the static contact bridges, and the conductive member is disconnected from the conductive layer; the auxiliary detection structure comprises a first auxiliary terminal and a second auxiliary terminal; the first auxiliary terminal is electrically connected to the conductive layer; and the second auxiliary terminal is electrically connected to the conductive member.

Testable sealed and/or self-diagnosing electromagnetic or solid-state relays simplify troubleshooting of electrical circuits. The testable relay comprises a relay housing with terminals adapted to connect to a circuit and an opposing top wall with testable terminals formed as projections being flush with or extending from the top wall and being exposed for testing the relay by applying a multimeter device. A self-diagnosing relay comprises a relay housing with terminals adapted to connect to a circuit, and at least two light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One of the LED indicates the relay is energized, and another LED light is a diagnostic LED and indicates if the relay is damaged.

Testable sealed and/or self-diagnosing electromagnetic or solid-state relays simplify troubleshooting of electrical circuits. The testable relay comprises a relay housing with terminals adapted to connect to a circuit and an opposing top wall with testable terminals formed as projections being flush with or extending from the top wall and being exposed for testing the relay by applying a multimeter device. A self-diagnosing relay comprises a relay housing with terminals adapted to connect to a circuit, and at least two light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One of the LED indicates the relay is energized, and another LED light is a diagnostic LED and indicates if the relay is damaged.

An electromagnetic device includes a spool having a cylindrical body with a through hole, a secondary coil formed in a spiral shape along an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body and formed with a closed circuit by metal plating, and a primary coil formed of a conductive wire wound around the secondary coil via an insulating material covering the secondary coil. An induced current, generated by applying a voltage to any one of the primary coil and the secondary coil, is allowed to flow to the other coil different from the one coil.

An electromagnetic device includes a spool having a cylindrical body with a through hole, a secondary coil formed in a spiral shape along an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body and formed with a closed circuit by metal plating, and a primary coil formed of a conductive wire wound around the secondary coil via an insulating material covering the secondary coil. An induced current, generated by applying a voltage to any one of the primary coil and the secondary coil, is allowed to flow to the other coil different from the one coil.

Testable sealed and/or self-diagnosing electromagnetic or solid-state relays simplify troubleshooting of electrical circuits. The testable relay comprises a relay housing with terminals adapted to connect to a circuit and an opposing top wall with testable terminals formed as projections being flush with or extending from the top wall and being exposed for testing the relay by applying a multimeter device. A self-diagnosing relay comprises a relay housing with terminals adapted to connect to a circuit, and at least two light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One of the LED indicates the relay is energized, and another LED light is a diagnostic LED and indicates if the relay is damaged.

Testable sealed and/or self-diagnosing electromagnetic or solid-state relays simplify troubleshooting of electrical circuits. The testable relay comprises a relay housing with terminals adapted to connect to a circuit and an opposing top wall with testable terminals formed as projections being flush with or extending from the top wall and being exposed for testing the relay by applying a multimeter device. A self-diagnosing relay comprises a relay housing with terminals adapted to connect to a circuit, and at least two light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One of the LED indicates the relay is energized, and another LED light is a diagnostic LED and indicates if the relay is damaged.