The present disclosure relates to methods for inactivating a Zika virus which can be used in vaccines and immunogenic compositions. The present disclosure also relates to a method for determining the completeness of inactivation of an arbovirus preparation and to a method for determining the residual formaldehyde content in a pharmaceutical composition comprising an inactivated virus.

Provided herein is a method for preventing a person from an infection by a Coronaviridae virus with a poliomyelitis vaccine. Also provided herein is a method of inducing a protective immune response against a Coronaviridae virus with a poliomyelitis vaccine.

Described herein are improved purification methods for virus vaccines and compositions. Also described are Zika, Chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever vaccines and methods of producing and administering said vaccines to subjects in need thereof.

Disclosed herein is a photochemical preparation method of an autologous plasma inactivated vaccine for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), including the following steps: drawing autologous blood from an AIDS patient to form blood to be treated; separating the blood to obtain plasma to be treated; adding a photosensitizer into the plasma to be treated to form plasma to be inactivated; and subjecting the plasma to be inactivated to photochemical inactivation to obtain the autologous plasma inactivated vaccine.

A transdermal membrane comprising a non-infectious icosahedral phage vaccine displaying an antigen is described wherein the membrane is stable at room temperature for greater than 3 months and uses thereof to vaccinate a subject against the antigen.

Universal influenza virus vaccine compositions that include multiple inactivated influenza A viruses are described. The compositions include four or more different influenza A viruses, each virus having a different hemagglutinin (HA) subtype. The vaccine compositions can be used, for example, to elicit an immune response against influenza virus, to immunize a subject against seasonal influenza virus, and/or mitigate a future pandemic by serving as a pre-pandemic vaccine.

A novel and improved vaccine for prevention of disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-2), /COVID-19 virus. Current mRNA and Adenovirus vaccine technologies for SARS-2 provide high levels of serum Immunoglobin G (IgG), antibodies against the original Wuhan strain, but there are now hundreds of mutant strains which can evade both vaccine and convalescent antibodies. These vaccines also do not provide strong mucosal IgA class antibodies which provide wider protection against mutant strains of Flu A and other respiratory viruses. The ability of these technologies to provide high levels of protection is in question, as serum neutralizing antibodies may decline to undetectable levels after six months. The appearance of mutant strains such as the Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon strains, containing altered amino acid sequences capable of evading vaccine-induced antibodies, calls for new vaccine technologies that can be quickly altered to meet this threat. The following describes a combination approach to prevention of infection by SARS-2/COVID-19. This combination consists of a priming injection of Recombinant Replicative Particles (VRP) derived from the Alphavirus Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) strain 3000/3526, with insertion of a Delta/B.1.617.2 SARS-2/COVID-19 spike 1 glycoprotein (gp)-Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) gene. The insertion of Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRES), elements between the 26S promoter and the SARS-2/COVID RBD gene allows for more efficient translation of the SARS-2/COVID gene products. The VEE.sup.3000/3256 VRP are produced from plasmids, so while they are infectious for one replicative cycle in vivo, progeny VRP are replication incompetent. The priming is followed by one or more intranasal administrations of a suspension of recombinant SARS-2/COVID-19 envelope spike 1 glycoproteins (gp), from selected mutant strains, combined with the pulmonary surfactant adjuvant, SF-10. The goal of the invention is to safely provide multiple immune layers of protection in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, with induction of both mucosal IgA and serum IgG antibodies, as well as effector Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL), cells recognizing conserved regions of the SARS-2/COVID-19 virus genome. Secondary goals are to reduce the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), of infection, a major concern with other SARS-2/COVID-19 vaccine designs, and to provide capacity to protect against mutant emergent strains of SARS-2/COVID-19 with annual intranasal boosters of new spike glycoproteins.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to nucleic acid vaccines. The vaccines include one or more RNA polynucleotides having an open reading frame encoding one or more Chikungunya antigen(s), one or more Zika virus antigens, and one or more Dengue antigens. Methods for preparing and using such vaccines are also described.

Embodiments of the present invention provide for novel compositions and methods for making and using a thermally stable human papilloma virus (HPV) formulation or other stabilized multimeric virus formulation. Certain embodiments concern lyophilizing HPV formulations in the presence or absence of adjuvants. Other embodiments concern lypophilizing HPV capsomere vaccines in order to increase stability of an immunogenic composition against HPV infection for storage, delivery and use. In yet other embodiments, a single immunogenic composition can include a thermally stable formulation of multiple virus serotypes. Yet other embodiments disclosed herein concern multi-targeted antigen complexes lyophilized in formulations of use to prolong stability and/or enhance immunogenicity. Other embodiments concern exposing lyophilized multi-targeted antigen complexes to elevated temperatures to enhance immunogenicity of the antigens of the complex to multiple pathogens.

The present invention relates to methods and vaccine compositions for inducing a safe immune response against polio virus in a human subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising inactivated Sabin poliovirus (sIPV) strains, wherein the sIPV strains have been produced on PER.C6® cells.