The disclosure relates to methods of treating multiple sclerosis and maintaining or maximizing vaccine effectiveness. In certain aspects, the methods comprise administrating ponesimod, administering a vaccine, and interrupting the administration of the ponesimod.

Provided is a seasonal influenza vaccine having a higher efficacy than a split vaccine. A seasonal influenza vaccine which induces virus-specific antibodies in the nasal mucosa, comprises inactivated whole influenza virus particles as an active ingredient, and is to be administered intradermally at dose per administration of 15 μg HA or more per strain as antigen.

An UV-C device may include several UV-C light sources (e.g., UV-C LEDs) and such UV-C LEDs may have UV-C reflecting structures arranged to direct UV-C in a particular direction and at a particular size and shape. Doing so may, for example, increase the UV-C in a particular direction or working area. A UV-C generating device may be utilized in an air stream, such as an air duct, to sterilize air from that air stream. Multiple UV-C inactivation devices may be coupled in series and placed into a single housing for in order to increase the efficacy of the UV-C inactivation device. The inlet of the device may draw air using an inlet module attachment (e.g., a hood with one or more than one inlet hood) and may output air using an outlet module attachment (e.g., a duct to deliver air to an outflow air duct). Computational fluid dynamic software may be provided where UV-C inactivation devices may be positioned (e.g., manually or autonomously by an adaptive algorithm) to determine impact on airflow against various pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcus and/or SARS-CoV-2).

The present invention relates to killed/inactivated and/or recombinant Senecavirus A immunogenic compositions and vaccines, and methods of preventing or treating animals in need of with such an immunogenic compositions and vaccines.

The disclosure provides recombinant vesicular stomatitis vims (VSV) particles, wherein the VSV glycoprotein (G) is replaced by a coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein, or a fragment or a derivative thereof, as well as compositions, vaccines, kits, and methods for using the recombinant VSV particles. In a specific embodiment, the S glycoprotein is derived from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the methods are for the treatment or prevention of a disease or disorder in a subject infected with SARS-CoV-2. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is COVID-19.

The present disclosure relates to novel epitope-based compositions, including vaccines, against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2, including the highly contagious coronavirus disease 2019. The disclosure relates to immunogenic polypeptides (including concatemeric polypeptides, hybrid Ii-key constructs, and chimeric or fusion polypeptides as disclosed herein) and the uses thereof, particularly in vaccine compositions. The disclosure also relates to nucleic acids, vectors, and cells which express the polypeptides and the uses thereof. The polypeptides of the invention more specifically comprise an agretope predicted to be a ligand of HLA class I and/or HLA class II MHC molecules, as well as an epitope that is predicted to be recognized by T-cells in the context of MHC class I and/or class II molecules. The compositions are particularly suited to produce vaccines, particularly for vaccinating against SARS-CoV-2 infection and related diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2, including COVID-19.

Synthetic foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) mosaic polypeptides, and nucleic acid molecules encoding the mosaic polypeptides, are described. When included as part of an FMDV genome, the mosaic polypeptides permit virus replication and assembly into FMDV particles. The mosaic polypeptide and nucleic acid compositions can be used to elicit immune responses that provide protection against a broad range of serotype O FMDV strains.

An inactivated influenza vaccine may have high immunogenicity and may be produced by method including performing inactivation treatment using formaldehyde including treating a virus solution containing an influenza virus collected from a host with β-propiolactone in advance. The inactivation treatment using formaldehyde may be performed by adding formalin to the virus solution at a final concentration of 0.005 to 0.015 vol %.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a Japanese encephalitis preventive agent and a Japanese encephalitis vaccine agent, which are capable of imparting sufficient immunity to humans, even if these agents are used at a lower dose than the dose of a Japanese encephalitis vaccine for subcutaneous injection, or at a smaller number of administrations than the number of administrations of a Japanese encephalitis vaccine for subcutaneous injection. According to the present invention, provided is a Japanese encephalitis preventive agent, comprising a microneedle array having a sheet portion and a plurality of needle portions present on the upper surface of the sheet portion, wherein the aforementioned needle portions contain or carry an inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus.

The present invention relates to monovalent influenza vaccine formulations and vaccination regimes for immunising against influenza disease, their use in medicine, in particular their use in augmenting immune responses to various antigens, and to methods of preparation. In particular, the invention relates to monovalent influenza immunogenic compositions comprising an influenza antigen or antigenic preparation thereof from an influenza virus strain being associated with a pandemic outbreak or having the potential to be associated with a pandemic outbreak, in combination with an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant comprising a metabolisable oil, a sterol and/or a tocopherol such as alpha tocopherol, and an emulsifying agent.