The present disclosure provides methods of preparing heteroaryl-containing compounds, wherein an azide-alkyne cycloaddition is accelerated in the presence of lauryldimethylamine oxide (LDAO). The present disclosure further provides conjugates of polypeptides and antigens prepared using such methods.

In one embodiment, the application discloses a method for the treatment of cancer in a patient, the method comprises a vaccination of the patient with a vaccine, wherein the vaccine comprises an effective amount of mammalian pluripotent stem cells obtained from an embryonic source or obtained by reprogramming of somatic cells from the patient, wherein the vaccination comprising the step of administering a mammalian pluripotent stem cells to the patient in need thereof; and vaccine formulations for use in the treatment of cancer.

The present disclosure provides a rabies composition comprising IPRV and PIKA adjuvant, and the pharmaceutical use thereof. The present disclosure also discloses a method for prophylaxis or therapeutic treatment of rabies virus infection, the method comprises a step of administering the rabies vaccine composition to a host. The rabies composition is more stable and safe, and is able to induce earlier and higher titers of neutralizing antibody.

The present invention provides methods for producing HIV-1 nanoparticle vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity. The methods entail (1) enzymatic digestion of glycan chain on the surface of a self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine displaying an HIV-1 Env derived trimer immunogen, or (2) expression of an HIV-1 nanoparticle construct in an expression system lacking normal glycosylation function for human proteins. Also provided in the invention are HIV-1 nanoparticle vaccines produced with the described methods. The invention further provides methods of using the HIV-1 nanoparticle vaccine compositions described herein in various therapeutic applications, e.g., for preventing or treating viral infections.

Disclosed herein are antibodies and ILT5-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to ILT5, e.g., human ILT5 (hILT5), and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such ILT5-binding antibodies and ILT5-binding fragments thereof.

A vaccine is disclosed that promotes CD4+ T cell-independent host defense mechanisms to defend against infection by fungi such as Pneumocystis spp. The vaccine may be used to prevent or to treat fungal infections. The novel vaccine can provide protective immunity, even for immunocompromised individuals such as HIV patients having reduced levels of CD4+ T cells.

It is disclosed herein that (a) an anti-tumor DNA vaccine delivered using a MIP DNA vector is a less effective tumor treatment than the corresponding anti-tumor DNA vaccine delivered using a conventional pDNA vector, despite the MIP DNA vector eliciting a higher frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells; and (b) tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in animals immunized with the MIP DNA vector express higher levels of the immune checkpoint protein LAG-3 than animals immunized with a conventional pDNA vector, while the expression levels of other immune checkpoint proteins was the same for both groups. Based on these findings, improved methods and compositions for administering DNA vaccines are disclosed. Specifically, DNA vaccines delivered with MIP DNA are administered along with a LAG-3 pathway blocking agent, resulting in a more effective vaccine-induced cellular immune response.

This invention provides peptides, immunogenic compositions and vaccines, and methods of treating, reducing the incidence of, and inducing immune responses to a WT-1-expressing cancer, comprising peptides derived from the WT-1 protein.

Use of a superantigen in mucosal allergen specific immune therapy (ASIT) in a human being to enhance the effect thereof. In order to enhance the effect of the mucosal ASIT, the superantigen is mucosally administered before, or with, the allergen to the human being.

Provided herein are immunogenic compositions comprising tumor-specific neoantigen long peptides, tumor-specific neoantigen short peptides, and adjuvant, optionally a helper peptide, and optionally a tumor-specific peptide. The disclosure also provides methods of using these immunogenic compositions for treating cancer.