High current field emission cathodes containing nanomaterials, and methods for their production, are provided. An exemplary method comprises forming an electrically resistive layer on a cathode substrate, forming an adhesion promoting layer on the electrically resistive layer, and forming an electron emissive layer including nanomaterials on the adhesion promoting layer. Forming each layer can include depositing a suitable mixture followed by a heating process including three firing cycles. Deposition can be performed by electrophoretic deposition or a printing technique. The layers can be patterned to form islands separated by well-defined gaps on the substrate.

High current field emission cathodes containing nanomaterials, and methods for their production, are provided. An exemplary method comprises forming an electrically resistive layer on a cathode substrate, forming an adhesion promoting layer on the electrically resistive layer, and forming an electron emissive layer including nanomaterials on the adhesion promoting layer. Forming each layer can include depositing a suitable mixture followed by a heating process including three firing cycles. Deposition can be performed by electrophoretic deposition or a printing technique. The layers can be patterned to form islands separated by well-defined gaps on the substrate.

Disclosed is an energy beam emission device including: an electron discharge unit having a long electron discharge part; a housing having a window from which energy beams are emitted on the basis of electrons discharged from the electron discharge part; and a unit accommodation part capable of accommodating the electron discharge unit. A plurality of positioning parts are provided between an outer surface of the electron discharge unit and an inner surface of the unit accommodation part, the positioning parts being slidably in contact with an outer surface of the electron discharge unit or an inner surface of the unit accommodation part and performing positioning of the electron discharge part with respect to the unit accommodation part.

Disclosed is an energy beam emission device including: an electron discharge unit having a long electron discharge part; a housing having a window from which energy beams are emitted on the basis of electrons discharged from the electron discharge part; and a unit accommodation part capable of accommodating the electron discharge unit. A plurality of positioning parts are provided between an outer surface of the electron discharge unit and an inner surface of the unit accommodation part, the positioning parts being slidably in contact with an outer surface of the electron discharge unit or an inner surface of the unit accommodation part and performing positioning of the electron discharge part with respect to the unit accommodation part.

A wire bonded triode for amplification of electromagnetic signals that includes an electron emitter (cathode), control grid, and an electron collector (anode) and having one or more wire bonded structures. A method of making a triode for amplification of electromagnetic signals that includes wirebonding one or more wires to form a wire bonded structure corresponding with one or more of an anode, grid and/or cathode element.

A wire bonded triode for amplification of electromagnetic signals that includes an electron emitter (cathode), control grid, and an electron collector (anode) and having one or more wire bonded structures. A method of making a triode for amplification of electromagnetic signals that includes wirebonding one or more wires to form a wire bonded structure corresponding with one or more of an anode, grid and/or cathode element.