A magnetron includes a cathode and a cathode supply lead structure connected to the cathode. A connector is included for electrically connecting to the lead structure and adapted for connection to an external power supply. An electrically conductive casing surrounds the connector. Electrically insulating material is included within the casing and surrounds the connector. The insulating material may be potting material.

A discharge lamp includes a discharge tube containing electrodes, and base sections. The base sections have terminals for connecting to external power lines, and internal power lines for connecting the terminals to the electrodes within the discharge tube. Information generation devices that generates information to be output to outside are provided within the base sections. Superimposition circuits that superpose the information, generated by the information generation devices, on the internal power lines within the base sections are also provided within the base sections. The information generation devices include sensors and generate information based on output of the sensors. A receiving circuit extracts and receives the information, superposed on the internal power lines, from the external power lines connected to the internal power lines. Thus, information generated on the discharge lamp side can be transmitted to outside with a simple construction.

An electromagnetic shield member is for shielding a wiring member (e.g., an electrical wire) and a connection portion at an end portion of the wiring member (e.g., a first connection portion), and the electromagnetic shield member includes a wiring electromagnetic shield portion that electromagnetically shields the wiring member, and a connection portion electromagnetic shield cover that is formed by a metal plate member and electromagnetically shields the connection portion at the end portion of the wiring member. The connection portion electromagnetic shield cover includes a cover main body portion that covers the connection portion at the end portion of the wiring member, and a fixing piece that sandwiches and fixes a first-end edge portion of the wiring electromagnetic shield portion by extending from the cover main body portion and being bent so as to fold back.

An XRF analyzer can include an x-ray source and an x-ray detector; an x-ray source heat-sink adjacent a side of the x-ray source; and an x-ray detector heat-sink adjacent a side of the x-ray detector. In one embodiment, the x-ray source heat-sink can be separated from the x-ray detector heat sink by a material having a thermal conductivity of less than 20 W/(m*K). In another embodiment, the x-ray source heat-sink can be separated from the x-ray detector heat sink by at least 3 millimeters of a thermally insulating material. In one embodiment, the x-ray source heat-sink can be separated from the x-ray detector heat sink by a segment of the engine component casing. Separation of the heat sinks can help avoid heat from the x-ray source adversely affecting resolution of the x-ray detector.

An XRF analyzer can include an x-ray source and an x-ray detector; an x-ray source heat-sink adjacent a side of the x-ray source; and an x-ray detector heat-sink adjacent a side of the x-ray detector. In one embodiment, the x-ray source heat-sink can be separated from the x-ray detector heat sink by a material having a thermal conductivity of less than 20 W/(m*K). In another embodiment, the x-ray source heat-sink can be separated from the x-ray detector heat sink by at least 3 millimeters of a thermally insulating material. In one embodiment, the x-ray source heat-sink can be separated from the x-ray detector heat sink by a segment of the engine component casing. Separation of the heat sinks can help avoid heat from the x-ray source adversely affecting resolution of the x-ray detector.

A portable XRF analyzer includes a hand shield and a handle. In one embodiment, the XRF analyzer further comprises a power component spaced-apart from an engine component. The handle and the hand shield extend in parallel between the engine component and the power component, attaching the engine component to the power component. In another embodiment, the XRF analyzer further comprises two housing portions, each integrally formed in a single, monolithic body formed together at the same time. The two housing portions are joined together to form an XRF analyzer housing. In another embodiment, the hand shield is shorter than the handle.

Provided is an illumination optical system that illuminates a target illumination region by using light emitted from a discharge lamp. The system includes a condensing mirror that condenses the light from the discharge lamp, an optical integrator which has a polygonal cross-sectional shape and is arranged on an optical path from the condensing mirror to the target illumination region, an imaging optical system that forms an image on the target illumination region with respect to an exit end face of the optical integrator as an object plane, and a power supply cable connecting to an electrode of the discharge lamp across the optical path directed from the condensing mirror to the optical integrator. The cable is arranged so that a shadow of the cable is neither parallel nor perpendicular to each side of the polygon of an entrance surface of the optical integrator.

A semiconductor lamp comprises a housing in which a driver is accommodated and at least one contact pin protruding from the housing outwards, wherein the contact pin is tubular and riveted to the housing and the driver is connected to the contact pin via an electrically conductive connection element which is inserted into a cavity of the contact pin. A method serves for producing a semiconductor lamp, wherein at least one tubular contact pin is inserted into a feedthrough of a housing from outside till the contact pin abuts the housing, the contact pin is next riveted with the housing on the inside and a driver is inserted into the housing, whereby an electrically conductive connection element is inserted into the contact pin. The invention is particularly applicable to LED retrofit lamps for replacing bipin halogen lamps, in particular MR16 lamps.

Disclosed are outdoor lighting devices with multiple lighting sources and with structures that are configured to both (a) vary the intensity of the light source and (b) vary the direction of the light projected from the light source.