A germicidal UV amalgam lamp with an elongated tubular lamp body and at least two filaments located on opposite ends of the lamp body. The lamp body is hermetically sealed with a pinch-sealed portion at both opposite ends, confining a gas volume in which a gas discharge can be produced along a discharge path between the filaments. Each filament has two electrical connectors, each including an internal portion connected to the filament and pinch-sealed into the lamp body. Each connector also includes an external portion located outside the lamp body for electrical connection of the lamp to a controlled power supply. The pinch-sealed portion bears a socket with an electrical temperature sensor and at least two electrical connections mounted to the socket. The at least two electrical connections of the temperature sensor are connected in parallel to the electrical connectors of the filament.

The present disclosure provides a filament power supply for an electron accelerator and an electron accelerator. The filament power supply includes: a rectifier circuit configured to convert a power frequency AC voltage signal into a DC voltage signal; an inverter circuit configured to convert the DC voltage signal into an AC voltage signal; a sampling circuit configured to sample the AC voltage signal to obtain a current sampling signal or a voltage sampling signal; a pulse width modulation control chip configured to adjust a pulse width modulation signal until a voltage of the current sampling signal is equal to that of a reference current signal, or a voltage of the voltage sampling signal is equal to that of a reference voltage signal; a modulation circuit configured to modulate the power frequency AC voltage signal to obtain a modulation signal and output the pulse width modulation signal and the modulation signal.

An ion generating apparatus, comprising: an ion generating circuit including a positive ion generating electrode pair and a negative ion generating electrode pair; and a controller configured to control the ion generating circuit, wherein the controller causes the ion generating circuit to apply a positive voltage to the positive ion generating electrode pair and a negative voltage to the negative ion generating electrode pair in different periods, the positive voltage having a waveform that is a first ringing voltage waveform a negative peak of which is removed, and the negative voltage having a waveform that is a second ringing voltage waveform a positive peak of which is removed.

An ion generating apparatus, comprising: an ion generating circuit including a positive ion generating electrode pair and a negative ion generating electrode pair; and a controller configured to control the ion generating circuit, wherein the controller causes the ion generating circuit to apply a positive voltage to the positive ion generating electrode pair and a negative voltage to the negative ion generating electrode pair in different periods, the positive voltage having a waveform that is a first ringing voltage waveform a negative peak of which is removed, and the negative voltage having a waveform that is a second ringing voltage waveform a positive peak of which is removed.

An apparatus for generating Smith-Purcell radiation having at least one spectral component at a wavelength includes a periodic structure including a dielectric material and an electron source, in electromagnetic communication with the periodic structure, to emit an electron beam propagating within about 5 from a surface of the periodic structure to induce emission of the Smith-Purcell radiation. The electron beam has an electron energy tunable between about 0.5 keV and about 40 keV so as to change a wavelength of the Smith-Purcell radiation.

A LED light source comprises: a first rectifier with a first and a second input terminal for connection to an AC supply voltage source and a first and a second output terminal connected by a first LED-string, a second rectifier having a first and a second input terminal and output terminals, said first input terminal of said second rectifier being coupled to the first input terminal of the first rectifier and the second input terminal of the second rectifier being coupled to the second input terminal of the first rectifier, and the output terminals being connected by a second LED-string, and means for causing a phase shift between the voltages that are present during operation at the output terminals of the first rectifier and the output terminals of the second rectifier respectively. The LED strings are driven by very simple circuitry that can be supplied by mains supply voltage. Due to the phase shift stroboscopic effects are suppressed.

Apparatuses, methods and storage medium associated with an intelligent LED light apparatus are disclosed herein. In embodiments, an intelligent LED light apparatus may include a communication interface, a processor, a body that encases at least the communication interface and the processor, and a plurality of sensors of a plurality of sensor types disposed on the body. The processor may be configured to receive sensor data from the sensors, and transmit the sensor data or results from processing the sensor data to an external recipient. Further, for some embodiments, the intelligent LED bulb apparatus may further comprise LED lights, and the body further encases the LED lights. In other embodiments, the body may include a male connector to mate with a bulb receptor, and a female connector to mate with a LED bulb. Other embodiments may be disclosed or claimed.

In some embodiments, an electrical device can include a body having a shape that extends along a longitudinal direction, and a set of electrodes implemented on the body at different locations along the longitudinal direction and configured to allow the electrical device to be positioned and mounted to a surface. The set of electrodes can include first and second electrodes configured to provide first and second engagements with the surface, respectively, and to allow a settling motion when the electrical device is positioned on the surface. The set of electrodes can further include a selected electrode having a side configured to allow the settling motion and an engagement portion configured to stop the settling motion and thereby provide a third engagement with the surface.

In some embodiments, an electrical device can include a body having a shape that extends along a longitudinal direction, and a set of electrodes implemented on the body at different locations along the longitudinal direction and configured to allow the electrical device to be positioned and mounted to a surface. The set of electrodes can include first and second electrodes configured to provide first and second engagements with the surface, respectively, and to allow a settling motion when the electrical device is positioned on the surface. The set of electrodes can further include a selected electrode having a side configured to allow the settling motion and an engagement portion configured to stop the settling motion and thereby provide a third engagement with the surface.

An apparatus, system, and method for performing electron beam modulation includes an input pulser to provide an electromagnetic pulse; a radio frequency (RF) filter to filter the electromagnetic pulse; a nonlinear transmission line to receive the electromagnetic pulse, and generate a backward wave RF oscillation of a predetermined frequency to travel in a direction opposite that of the electromagnetic pulse; and an electron beam generating device including an anode and a cathode, the electron beam generating device to receive a combined electromagnetic pulse from the RF filter and the backward wave RF oscillation from the nonlinear transmission line to cause excitation of a modulated voltage between the anode and cathode, and to cause the electron beam generating device to emit an electron beam that is modulated at the predetermined frequency of the backward wave RF oscillation.